महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-24, verse-21

वेदाविनाशिनं नित्यं य एनमजमव्ययम् ।
कथं स पुरुषः पार्थ कं घातयति हन्ति कम् ॥२१॥

21. vedāvināśinaṁ nityaṁ ya enamajamavyayam ,
kathaṁ sa puruṣaḥ pārtha kaṁ ghātayati hanti kam.

21. veda avināśinam nityam yaḥ enam ajam avyayam |
katham saḥ puruṣaḥ pārtha kam ghātayati hanti kam

21. pārtha,
yaḥ enam avināśinam nityam ajam avyayam veda,
saḥ puruṣaḥ katham kam ghātayati kam hanti?

21. O Pārtha, how can that person (puruṣa) who knows this self (ātman) to be indestructible, eternal, unborn, and immutable, cause anyone to be killed, or kill anyone himself?

Words meanings summery:

• वेद (veda) - knows, perceives

• अविनाशिनम् (avināśinam) - indestructible (referring to the self, ātman) (indestructible, imperishable)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal (referring to the self, ātman) (eternal, constant, perpetual)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• एनम् (enam) - this (self, ātman) (this, him)

• अजम् (ajam) - unborn (referring to the self, ātman) (unborn, not born)

• अव्ययम् (avyayam) - immutable (referring to the self, ātman) (immutable, undecaying, imperishable)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - that individual or supreme cosmic person (puruṣa) (person, man, male; the Supreme Being, the cosmic person (puruṣa))

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Pārtha (son of Pṛthā), Arjuna)

• कम् (kam) - whom (accusative singular of kim) (whom, what)

• घातयति (ghātayati) - causes to kill

• हन्ति (hanti) - kills, strikes

• कम् (kam) - whom (accusative singular of kim) (whom, what)

Words meanings and morphology

वेद (veda) - knows, perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (perfect form) (liṭ) of vid

Root in 2nd class, Parasmaipada, perfect tense (liṭ) form, used here with present tense meaning.

Root: vid (class 2)

अविनाशिनम् (avināśinam) - indestructible (referring to the self, ātman) (indestructible, imperishable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avināśin

avināśin - indestructible, imperishable, undecaying

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a (not) + vināśin (perishable)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vināśin)

• a – not
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• vināśin – perishable, destructive
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from vi-naś
  From prefix vi + root naś (to perish, 4th class)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'enam' (the self, ātman).

नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal (referring to the self, ātman) (eternal, constant, perpetual)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nitya

nitya - eternal, constant, perpetual, regular

Note: Qualifies 'enam' (the self, ātman).

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun, masculine nominative singular

Note: Refers to the person who knows (saḥ puruṣaḥ).

एनम् (enam) - this (self, ātman) (this, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him

Pronominal stem, masculine accusative singular

Note: Refers to the self (ātman).

अजम् (ajam) - unborn (referring to the self, ātman) (unborn, not born)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aja

aja - unborn, not born; a goat; creator

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a (not) + ja (born)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ja)

• a – not
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• ja – born
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'enam' (the self, ātman).

अव्ययम् (avyayam) - immutable (referring to the self, ātman) (immutable, undecaying, imperishable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avyaya

avyaya - immutable, undecaying, imperishable; an indeclinable word

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a (not) + vyaya (decay, expenditure)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• vyaya – expenditure, decay, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix vi + root i (to go, to move)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'enam' (the self, ātman).

कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - that individual or supreme cosmic person (puruṣa) (person, man, male; the Supreme Being, the cosmic person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, man, human being, spirit, the Supreme Being, the cosmic person

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Pārtha (son of Pṛthā), Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for Arjuna

Vocative case of the masculine noun Pārtha

कम् (kam) - whom (accusative singular of kim) (whom, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun, masculine accusative singular

घातयति (ghātayati) - causes to kill

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Causative

Causative form of root han (2nd class), 3rd person singular present active Parasmaipada (ghātayati)

Root: han (class 2)

हन्ति (hanti) - kills, strikes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Root in 2nd class, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular present active

Root: han (class 2)

कम् (kam) - whom (accusative singular of kim) (whom, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun, masculine accusative singular