महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-24, verse-11

श्रीभगवानुवाच ।
अशोच्यानन्वशोचस्त्वं प्रज्ञावादांश्च भाषसे ।
गतासूनगतासूंश्च नानुशोचन्ति पण्डिताः ॥११॥

11. śrībhagavānuvāca ,
aśocyānanvaśocastvaṁ prajñāvādāṁśca bhāṣase ,
gatāsūnagatāsūṁśca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ.

11. śrībhagavān uvāca aśocyān anvaśocaḥ tvam prajñāvādān
ca bhāṣase gatāsūn agatāsūn ca na anuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ

11. śrībhagavān uvāca tvam aśocyān anvaśocaḥ ca prajñāvādān bhāṣase.
paṇḍitāḥ gatāsūn ca agatāsūn ca na anuśocanti

11. The Blessed Lord said: "You lament for those who are not worthy of lamentation, and yet you speak words of apparent wisdom. The truly wise (paṇḍitāḥ) do not grieve for those whose lives have departed or for those whose lives have not departed."

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीभगवान् (śrībhagavān) - The Blessed Lord (Kṛṣṇa)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अशोच्यान् (aśocyān) - Refers to the physical bodies and transient nature of beings. (those who should not be grieved for, ungrievable)

• अन्वशोचः (anvaśocaḥ) - you grieved for, you lamented

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• प्रज्ञावादान् (prajñāvādān) - Arjuna's words appear to be wise, but are contextually misguided. (words of wisdom, arguments of the wise)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• भाषसे (bhāṣase) - you speak, you say, you declare

• गतासून् (gatāsūn) - those whose lives are gone, the dead

• अगतासून् (agatāsūn) - those whose lives are not gone, the living

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• अनुशोचन्ति (anuśocanti) - they grieve for, they lament

• पण्डिताः (paṇḍitāḥ) - Refers to those with spiritual knowledge and discernment. (the wise, learned persons, scholars)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीभगवान् (śrībhagavān) - The Blessed Lord (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrībhagavat

śrībhagavat - the Blessed Lord, the Glorious One, Lord Krishna (or Vishnu)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+bhagavat)

• śrī – glory, prosperity, wealth, divine grace, sacred, venerable
  noun (feminine)
• bhagavat – possessing fortune, glorious, divine, blessed, Lord (used for deities like Vishnu/Kṛṣṇa)
  adjective (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active 3rd person singular

Formed from root `vac` (class 2) with reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

अशोच्यान् (aśocyān) - Refers to the physical bodies and transient nature of beings. (those who should not be grieved for, ungrievable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśocya

aśocya - not to be grieved for, not lamentable, unlamentable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Formed from root `śuc` (to grieve) with prefix `a` (negation) and suffix `-ya`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śocya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śocya – to be grieved for, lamentable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Formed from root `śuc` (to grieve) with suffix `-ya`.
  Root: śuc (class 1)

अन्वशोचः (anvaśocaḥ) - you grieved for, you lamented

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śuc

Imperfect active 2nd person singular

Formed from root `śuc` (class 1) with prefix `anu` and augment `a-`.

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular and plural), your, yours

Pronominal base for the second person singular.

प्रज्ञावादान् (prajñāvādān) - Arjuna's words appear to be wise, but are contextually misguided. (words of wisdom, arguments of the wise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prajñāvāda

prajñāvāda - words of wisdom, arguments of the wise, philosophical sayings

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (prajñā+vāda)

• prajñā – wisdom, intelligence, discernment, knowledge
  noun (feminine)
• vāda – speaking, saying, speech, doctrine, argument
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `vad`.
  Action noun from root `vad` (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

भाषसे (bhāṣase) - you speak, you say, you declare

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhāṣ

Present middle 2nd person singular

Formed from root `bhāṣ` (class 1), middle voice.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

गतासून् (gatāsūn) - those whose lives are gone, the dead

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gatāsu

gatāsu - dead, deceased, lifeless, whose breath is gone

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed, past, dead
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root `gam` (to go) with suffix `-ta`.
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – breath, vital breath, life, spirit
  noun (masculine)

अगतासून् (agatāsūn) - those whose lives are not gone, the living

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of agatāsu

agatāsu - not dead, living, whose breath has not departed

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+gata+asu)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• gata – gone, departed, past, dead
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root `gam` (to go) with suffix `-ta`.
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – breath, vital breath, life, spirit
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

अनुशोचन्ति (anuśocanti) - they grieve for, they lament

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Present active 3rd person plural

Formed from root `śuc` (class 1) with prefix `anu`.

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

पण्डिताः (paṇḍitāḥ) - Refers to those with spiritual knowledge and discernment. (the wise, learned persons, scholars)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - wise, learned, scholarly, a pundit, a scholar