महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-24, verse-19

य एनं वेत्ति हन्तारं यश्चैनं मन्यते हतम् ।
उभौ तौ न विजानीतो नायं हन्ति न हन्यते ॥१९॥

19. ya enaṁ vetti hantāraṁ yaścainaṁ manyate hatam ,
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṁ hanti na hanyate.

19. yaḥ enam vetti hantāram yaḥ ca enam manyate hatam
ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ na ayam hanti na hanyate

19. yaḥ enam hantāram vetti,
yaḥ ca enam hatam manyate,
tau ubhau na vijānītaḥ.
ayam na hanti,
na ca hanyate.

19. He who believes this self (ātman) to be the slayer, and he who considers it to be slain, both of them do not understand; for this self (ātman) neither slays nor is slain.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• एनम् (enam) - this (self/ātman) (him, this (one))

• वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

• हन्तारम् (hantāram) - a slayer, a killer

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनम् (enam) - this (self/ātman) (him, this (one))

• मन्यते (manyate) - considers, thinks, believes

• हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• तौ (tau) - those two

• न (na) - not

• विजानीतः (vijānītaḥ) - they (two) do not understand (they (two) know)

• न (na) - not

• अयम् (ayam) - this (self/ātman) (this (one), he)

• हन्ति (hanti) - slays, kills, strikes

• न (na) - nor, not

• हन्यते (hanyate) - is slain, is killed

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

एनम् (enam) - this (self/ātman) (him, this (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, him

Note: Object of 'vetti'.

वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Active

Derived from root 'vid' (to know) in the 2nd class, present, 3rd person singular.

Root: vid (class 2)

हन्तारम् (hantāram) - a slayer, a killer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hantṛ

hantṛ - slayer, killer, destroyer

Agent noun

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, to kill) with agent suffix '-tṛ'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative accusative, 'as a slayer'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two relative clauses.

एनम् (enam) - this (self/ātman) (him, this (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, him

Note: Object of 'manyate'.

मन्यते (manyate) - considers, thinks, believes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle/Ātmanepada

Derived from root 'man' (to think) in the 4th class, present, 3rd person singular.

Root: man (class 4)

हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, to kill) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative accusative, 'as slain'.

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Refers to the two persons described by 'yaḥ' clauses.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Subject of 'vijānītaḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'vijānītaḥ'.

विजानीतः (vijānītaḥ) - they (two) do not understand (they (two) know)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of vijñā

Present Active

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'vi', in the 9th class, present, 3rd person dual.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Here, negated: 'do not know/understand'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'ayam hanti'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (self/ātman) (this (one), he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Subject of 'hanti' and 'hanyate'.

हन्ति (hanti) - slays, kills, strikes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Active

Derived from root 'han' (to strike) in the 2nd class, present, 3rd person singular.

Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - nor, not

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects and negates the second verb.

हन्यते (hanyate) - is slain, is killed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of han

Present Passive

Derived from root 'han' (to strike) in the 2nd class, present, 3rd person singular, passive voice.

Root: han (class 2)