महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-24, verse-10

तमुवाच हृषीकेशः प्रहसन्निव भारत ।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये विषीदन्तमिदं वचः ॥१०॥

10. tamuvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ prahasanniva bhārata ,
senayorubhayormadhye viṣīdantamidaṁ vacaḥ.

10. tam uvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ prahasan iva bhārata
senayoḥ ubhayoḥ madhye viṣīdantam idam vacaḥ

10. bhārata hṛṣīkeśaḥ prahasan iva senayoḥ
ubhayoḥ madhye viṣīdantam tam idam vacaḥ uvāca

10. O Bharata, Hrishikesha (Kṛṣṇa), as if smiling, spoke these words to him (Arjuna), who was despondent in the midst of both armies.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Arjuna. (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• हृषीकेशः (hṛṣīkeśaḥ) - Hrishikesha (Kṛṣṇa), lord of the senses

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - smiling, laughing

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as, in the manner of

• भारत (bhārata) - An address by Sanjaya to Dhritarashtra. (O Bharata, O descendant of Bharata (Dhritarashtra))

• सेनयोः (senayoḥ) - of the two armies, in the two armies

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both, in both

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of, amidst, between

• विषीदन्तम् (viṣīdantam) - Refers to Arjuna's state of dejection. (despondent, lamenting, sitting down dejectedly)

• इदम् (idam) - this, these

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Refers to Arjuna. (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Pronominal base. Masculine accusative singular form.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active 3rd person singular

Formed from root `vac` (class 2) with reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

हृषीकेशः (hṛṣīkeśaḥ) - Hrishikesha (Kṛṣṇa), lord of the senses

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣīkeśa

hṛṣīkeśa - lord of the senses, master of the senses; an epithet of Vishnu/Kṛṣṇa

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (hṛṣīka+īśa)

• hṛṣīka – sense, organ of sense
  noun (neuter)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - smiling, laughing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of has

has - to laugh, smile, mock

Present active participle

Formed from root `has` (class 1) with prefix `pra` and suffix `-at`.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing Hrishikesha.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as, in the manner of

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - An address by Sanjaya to Dhritarashtra. (O Bharata, O descendant of Bharata (Dhritarashtra))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; an inhabitant of Bharata (India); a warrior

Note: Used as a vocative for Dhritarashtra.

सेनयोः (senayoḥ) - of the two armies, in the two armies

(noun)

feminine, dual of senā

senā - army, host, forces

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both, in both

(pronoun)

dual of ubha

ubha - both, two

Pronominal adjective, dual form.

Note: Qualifies 'senayoḥ'.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of, amidst, between

(indeclinable)

Locative singular of `madhya` used as an indeclinable.

विषीदन्तम् (viṣīdantam) - Refers to Arjuna's state of dejection. (despondent, lamenting, sitting down dejectedly)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣīdat

viṣīdat - desponding, dejected, lamenting, distressed, sitting down

Present active participle

Formed from root `sad` (class 1) with prefix `vi` and suffix `-at`.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'him' (Arjuna).

इदम् (idam) - this, these

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these, here, now

Pronominal base. Neuter nominative/accusative singular form.

Note: Qualifies 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, utterance, statement

Derived from root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)