महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-24, verse-17

अविनाशि तु तद्विद्धि येन सर्वमिदं ततम् ।
विनाशमव्ययस्यास्य न कश्चित्कर्तुमर्हति ॥१७॥

17. avināśi tu tadviddhi yena sarvamidaṁ tatam ,
vināśamavyayasyāsya na kaścitkartumarhati.

17. avināśi tu tat viddhi yena sarvam idam tatam
vināśam avyayasyāsya na kaścit kartum arhati

17. yena idam sarvam tatam,
tat tu avināśi viddhi.
asya avyayasyāsya vināśam kartum kaścit na arhati.

17. But know that to be imperishable (avināśi) by which this entire universe is pervaded. No one is capable of bringing about the destruction of this immutable (avyaya) self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• अविनाशि (avināśi) - imperishable, indestructible, undecaying

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तत् (tat) - that (the self/ātman) (that, it)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• येन (yena) - by which

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (this universe) (all, entire, whole)

• इदम् (idam) - this (universe) (this)

• ततम् (tatam) - pervaded, spread, extended

• विनाशम् (vināśam) - destruction, perishing

• अव्ययस्य (avyayasya) - of the immutable, of the unchangeable

• अस्य (asya) - of this (self/ātman) (of this)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone, any

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make, to cause

• अर्हति (arhati) - is able, is capable, deserves

Words meanings and morphology

अविनाशि (avināśi) - imperishable, indestructible, undecaying

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avināśin

avināśin - imperishable, indestructible, undecaying

Compound of 'a' (not) and 'vināśin' (perishable).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vināśin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vināśin – perishable, decaying
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'vināśa' (destruction).

Note: Qualifies 'tat'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis or slight contrast.

तत् (tat) - that (the self/ātman) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the self (ātman).

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative Active

Derived from root 'vid' (to know) in the 2nd class, imperative, 2nd person singular.

Root: vid (class 2)

येन (yena) - by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relates to 'tatam' (pervaded).

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (this universe) (all, entire, whole)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Here, nominative as the subject of the implied passive verb 'tatam'.

इदम् (idam) - this (universe) (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Here, nominative, refers to the manifest universe.

ततम् (tatam) - pervaded, spread, extended

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tata

tata - pervaded, spread, extended, stretched

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'tan' (to spread, to extend) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective, indicating the state of 'sarvam idam'.

विनाशम् (vināśam) - destruction, perishing

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, perishing, loss

Derived from root 'naś' (to perish) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Object of 'kartum' (to do/cause).

अव्ययस्य (avyayasya) - of the immutable, of the unchangeable

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of avyaya

avyaya - immutable, unchangeable, imperishable, indeclinable

Compound of 'a' (not) and 'vyaya' (decay, expenditure).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vyaya – decay, change, expenditure, loss
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'asya' (of this one), referring to the self (ātman).

अस्य (asya) - of this (self/ātman) (of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'arhati'.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone, any

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - anyone, someone, any, some

Compound of 'ka' (who) and 'cit' (an indefinite particle).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ka+cit)

• ka – who
  pronoun (masculine)
• cit – an indefinite particle
  indeclinable

Note: Subject of 'arhati'.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make, to cause

(infinitive)

Note: Complements 'arhati'.

अर्हति (arhati) - is able, is capable, deserves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Active

Derived from root 'arh' (to be worthy) in the 1st class, present, 3rd person singular.

Root: arh (class 1)