महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-104, verse-49

तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा सव्यसाची परंतपः ।
कालोऽयमिति संचिन्त्य शिखण्डिनमचोदयत् ॥४९॥

49. tasya tadvacanaṁ śrutvā savyasācī paraṁtapaḥ ,
kālo'yamiti saṁcintya śikhaṇḍinamacodayat.

49. tasya tat vacanam śrutvā savyasācī paraṃtapaḥ
kālaḥ ayam iti saṃcintya śikhaṇḍinam acodayat

49. paraṃtapaḥ savyasācī tasya tat vacanam śrutvā
ayam kālaḥ iti saṃcintya śikhaṇḍinam acodayat

49. Having heard that word of his (Krishna's), Arjuna, the tormentor of foes, thinking, "This is the opportune time," urged Shikhandin.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Krishna) (his, of him)

• तत् (tat) - that (neuter)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - (Krishna's) command/word (word, speech, command)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (who can shoot with both hands) (ambidextrous, Arjuna)

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

• कालः (kālaḥ) - (the right) time (time, season, opportune moment)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (quotation marker)

• संचिन्त्य (saṁcintya) - having thought, having reflected

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin (accusative)

• अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he urged, he instigated, he sent

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Krishna) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to Krishna, who had previously urged Arjuna.

तत् (tat) - that (neuter)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - (Krishna's) command/word (word, speech, command)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

formed with suffix -ktvā

Root: śru (class 5)

सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (who can shoot with both hands) (ambidextrous, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - ambidextrous, skilled in shooting with the left hand

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left (hand)
  adjective (masculine)
• sācin – shooting, shooter
  adjective (masculine)
  related to sārathi (charioteer) or sṛj (to shoot); commonly understood as 'one who draws the bow with the left hand'

Note: Subject of 'acodayat'.

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

`paraṃ` (foe) + `tapa` (causing pain from tap)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (param+tapa)

• para – enemy, other
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – burning, tormenting, heat
  adjective (masculine)
  present active participle or agent noun
  from root tap
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'savyasācī'.

कालः (kālaḥ) - (the right) time (time, season, opportune moment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, moment

Note: Predicate nominative for 'ayam'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Subject for the implied "is".

इति (iti) - thus, so, (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

Note: Follows the thought "This is the time".

संचिन्त्य (saṁcintya) - having thought, having reflected

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from root cint with prefix sam-, formed with suffix -lyaP

Prefix: sam

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Follows the quoted thought.

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandin (name of a character in Mahabharata), peacock-crested

अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he urged, he instigated, he sent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cud

imperfect tense, causal form

root cud in causal

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Causal form.