महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-104, verse-25

कथं वा पाण्डवान्युद्धे प्रत्युद्यातः परंतपः ।
विनिघ्नन्सोमकान्वीरांस्तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥२५॥

25. kathaṁ vā pāṇḍavānyuddhe pratyudyātaḥ paraṁtapaḥ ,
vinighnansomakānvīrāṁstanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

25. katham vā pāṇḍavān yuddhe pratyudyātaḥ paraṃtapaḥ
vinihan somakān vīrān tat mama ācakṣva saṃjaya

25. saṃjaya katham vā paraṃtapaḥ yuddhe pāṇḍavān
vinihan somakān vīrān pratyudyātaḥ tat mama ācakṣva

25. Or how did that tormentor of enemies (Bhishma) confront the Pandavas in battle, striking down the heroic Somakas? Tell me that, O Sanjaya.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or, indeed)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pandavas (the Pandavas (accusative plural))

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• प्रत्युद्यातः (pratyudyātaḥ) - confronted (advanced against, encountered, went forth to meet)

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of enemies (Bhishma) (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

• विनिहन् (vinihan) - striking down (striking down, killing)

• सोमकान् (somakān) - the Somakas (the Somakas (a warrior tribe))

• वीरान् (vīrān) - heroic (ones) (heroic, brave ones; heroes)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to how Bhishma acted) (that, therefore)

• मम (mama) - to me (to me, my)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya (O Sanjaya (name))

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pandavas (the Pandavas (accusative plural))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu

Note: Object of 'pratyudyātaḥ'

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, combat, war

Note: Location of action

प्रत्युद्यातः (pratyudyātaḥ) - confronted (advanced against, encountered, went forth to meet)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratyudyāta

pratyudyāta - advanced against, encountered

Past Passive Participle

Root 'yā' (to go) with 'prati' and 'ud' prefixes, past participle suffix '-ta'

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'paraṃtapaḥ'

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of enemies (Bhishma) (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (param+tapa)

• param – enemy, foe, other
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – one who torments, burns
  agent noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'tap' (to burn, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'pratyudyātaḥ'

विनिहन् (vinihan) - striking down (striking down, killing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinihan

vinihan - striking down, killing

Present Active Participle

Root 'han' (to strike, kill) with 'vi' and 'ni' prefixes, present participle suffix '-śatṛ'

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'paraṃtapaḥ', describing simultaneous action

सोमकान् (somakān) - the Somakas (the Somakas (a warrior tribe))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of somaka

somaka - Somaka (name of a warrior tribe allied with the Pandavas)

Note: Object of 'vinihan'

वीरान् (vīrān) - heroic (ones) (heroic, brave ones; heroes)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave one, heroic

Note: Qualifies 'somakān'

तत् (tat) - that (referring to how Bhishma acted) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of 'ācakṣva'

मम (mama) - to me (to me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Indirect object of 'ācakṣva'

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, Imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Imperative

Root 'cakṣ' (to tell) with 'ā' prefix, Imperative 2nd person singular, middle voice

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Command from Dhritarashtra to Sanjaya

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya (O Sanjaya (name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

Note: Addressed by Dhritarashtra