महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-104, verse-30

स पाण्डवानां प्रवरान्पञ्च राजन्महारथान् ।
आत्तशस्त्रान्रणे यत्तान्वारयामास सायकैः ।
नाराचैर्वत्सदन्तैश्च शितैरञ्जलिकैस्तथा ॥३०॥

30. sa pāṇḍavānāṁ pravarānpañca rājanmahārathān ,
āttaśastrānraṇe yattānvārayāmāsa sāyakaiḥ ,
nārācairvatsadantaiśca śitairañjalikaistathā.

30. sa pāṇḍavānām pravarān pañca rājan
mahārathān āttaśastrān raṇe yattān
vārayāmāsa sāyakaiḥ nārācaiḥ
vatsadantaiḥ ca śitaiḥ añjalikaiḥ tathā

30. rājan sa pāṇḍavānām pañca pravarān
mahārathān āttaśastrān raṇe yattān
sāyakaiḥ nārācaiḥ vatsadantaiḥ
śitaiḥ añjalikaiḥ ca tathā vārayāmāsa

30. O King, he (Bhishma) checked the five foremost great charioteers among the Pandavas, who were armed and prepared for battle, with his arrows – specifically, iron arrows, sharp calf-tooth-shaped arrows, and añjalika arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Bhishma (he, that)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

• प्रवरान् (pravarān) - the foremost, chief, excellent ones

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• राजन् (rājan) - Dhritarashtra (addressed by Sanjaya) (O King)

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers

• आत्तशस्त्रान् (āttaśastrān) - those who have taken up weapons, armed

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• यत्तान् (yattān) - prepared, ready, striving

• वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - he warded off, he checked, he prevented

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

• नाराचैः (nārācaiḥ) - with iron arrows

• वत्सदन्तैः (vatsadantaiḥ) - with calf-tooth-shaped arrows

• च (ca) - and, also

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp arrows (qualifies 'añjalikaiḥ') (with sharp ones, with sharpened)

• अञ्जलिकैः (añjalikaiḥ) - with añjalika arrows (a type of arrow)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (connecting the list of arrows) (thus, so, also, and)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Bhishma (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu; relating to Pandu

Derived from Paṇḍu with aṇ suffix

प्रवरान् (pravarān) - the foremost, chief, excellent ones

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pravara

pravara - foremost, chief, excellent

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahārathān'.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'mahārathān'.

राजन् (rājan) - Dhritarashtra (addressed by Sanjaya) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya.

महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting many thousands of warriors simultaneously

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, charioteer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'vārayāmāsa'.

आत्तशस्त्रान् (āttaśastrān) - those who have taken up weapons, armed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āttaśastra

āttaśastra - one who has taken up a weapon, armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ātta+śastra)

• ātta – taken, grasped
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'dā' with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dā (class 3)
• śastra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'mahārathān'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

यत्तान् (yattān) - prepared, ready, striving

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yatta

yatta - prepared, ready, striving, engaged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yam' (to restrain, control).

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahārathān'.

वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - he warded off, he checked, he prevented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vārayā

Perfect (Periphrastic)

Formed from causative root 'vārayati' + āmāsa.

Root: vṛ (class 10)

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart

Root: ṣi (class 4)

नाराचैः (nārācaiḥ) - with iron arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nārāca

nārāca - iron arrow, steel arrow

Note: Specific type of arrow used.

वत्सदन्तैः (vatsadantaiḥ) - with calf-tooth-shaped arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vatsadanta

vatsadanta - calf's tooth; a type of arrow with a point shaped like a calf's tooth

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vatsa+danta)

• vatsa – calf, yearling
  noun (masculine)
• danta – tooth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Another specific type of arrow.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'vatsadantaiḥ' and 'śitaiḥ añjalikaiḥ'.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp arrows (qualifies 'añjalikaiḥ') (with sharp ones, with sharpened)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, sharpened, keen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śo' (to sharpen).

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'añjalikaiḥ'.

अञ्जलिकैः (añjalikaiḥ) - with añjalika arrows (a type of arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of añjalika

añjalika - añjalika arrow (a type of arrow said to split its target, perhaps named after a palm-join gesture)

Note: Another specific type of arrow.

तथा (tathā) - and also (connecting the list of arrows) (thus, so, also, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding list of arrows.