महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-104, verse-31

निजघ्ने समरे क्रुद्धो हस्त्यश्वममितं बहु ।
रथिनोऽपातयद्राजन्रथेभ्यः पुरुषर्षभः ॥३१॥

31. nijaghne samare kruddho hastyaśvamamitaṁ bahu ,
rathino'pātayadrājanrathebhyaḥ puruṣarṣabhaḥ.

31. nijaghne samare kruddhaḥ hasti-aśvam amitaṃ bahu
rathinaḥ apātayat rājan rathebhyah puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ

31. rājan samare kruddhaḥ puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ amitaṃ bahu
hasti-aśvam nijaghne rathinaḥ rathebhyah apātayat

31. O King, that angry bull among men (Bhishma) struck down a vast number of elephants and horses in battle. He also made charioteers fall from their chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• निजघ्ने (nijaghne) - he struck, he killed, he destroyed

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

• हस्ति-अश्वम् (hasti-aśvam) - elephants and horses

• अमितम् (amitam) - immeasurable, boundless, countless

• बहु (bahu) - much, many, abundant

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - he caused to fall, he threw down

• राजन् (rājan) - Dhritarashtra (O King)

• रथेभ्यह् (rathebhyah) - from chariots

• पुरुष-ऋषभः (puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ) - Bhishma (bull among men, best of men)

Words meanings and morphology

निजघ्ने (nijaghne) - he struck, he killed, he destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of han

Perfect, Ātmanepada

From root 'han' with prefix 'ni'. Perfect middle voice form.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The active voice equivalent would be 'nijaghāna'.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 1)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ'.

हस्ति-अश्वम् (hasti-aśvam) - elephants and horses

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hastyaśva

hastyaśva - elephants and horses (collectively)

Compound type : dvandva (hastin+aśva)

• hastin – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Collective singular, object of 'nijaghne'.

अमितम् (amitam) - immeasurable, boundless, countless

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of amita

amita - immeasurable, boundless, infinite

Past Passive Participle (negative)

From 'a' (negation) + 'mita' (measured), root 'mā'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• mita – measured
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'mā' (to measure).
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'hasti-aśvam'.

बहु (bahu) - much, many, abundant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

Note: Qualifies 'hasti-aśvam'.

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot

Derived from 'ratha' (chariot) with 'in' suffix.

Note: Object of 'apātayat'.

अपातयत् (apātayat) - he caused to fall, he threw down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect, Causative, Parasmaipada

Causative root 'pātayati' (to cause to fall), imperfect form.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

राजन् (rājan) - Dhritarashtra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya.

रथेभ्यह् (rathebhyah) - from chariots

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Indicates separation ('from').

पुरुष-ऋषभः (puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ) - Bhishma (bull among men, best of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, chief of men, excellent man

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.