महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-104, verse-40

स तेनातिभृशं विद्धः प्रेक्ष्य भीष्मः शिखण्डिनम् ।
अनिच्छन्नपि संक्रुद्धः प्रहसन्निदमब्रवीत् ॥४०॥

40. sa tenātibhṛśaṁ viddhaḥ prekṣya bhīṣmaḥ śikhaṇḍinam ,
anicchannapi saṁkruddhaḥ prahasannidamabravīt.

40. sa tena atibhṛśam viddhaḥ prekṣya bhīṣmaḥ śikhaṇḍinam
anicchan api saṃkruddhaḥ prahasan idam abravīt

40. saḥ bhīṣmaḥ tena atibhṛśam viddhaḥ śikhaṇḍinam
prekṣya anicchan api saṃkruddhaḥ prahasan idam abravīt

40. That Bhishma, greatly pierced by him (Shikhandin), seeing Shikhandin, became enraged even though unwilling, and laughing, he spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (referring to Bhishma) (he, that)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Shikhandin) (by him, by that)

• अतिभृशम् (atibhṛśam) - very much, greatly, excessively

• विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced, wounded

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, observing

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

• अनिच्छन् (anicchan) - not wishing, unwilling

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, though)

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - enraged, very angry

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• इदम् (idam) - these words (this)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (referring to Bhishma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तेन (tena) - by him (Shikhandin) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अतिभृशम् (atibhṛśam) - very much, greatly, excessively

(indeclinable)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+bhṛśa)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, very
  indeclinable
• bhṛśa – strong, violent, much, excessive
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.

विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced, wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, struck, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vyadh'

Root: vyadh (class 0)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' and 'bhīṣmaḥ'.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, observing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'īkṣ' with prefix 'pra-'

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 0)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata); terrible, formidable

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandin (a character in the Mahabharata)

अनिच्छन् (anicchan) - not wishing, unwilling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anicchat

anicchat - not wishing, unwilling, not desiring

Present Active Participle

Negative participle from root 'iṣ' (to wish)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+icchat)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• icchat – wishing, desiring
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root 'iṣ' (to wish)
  Root: iṣ (class 0)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' and 'bhīṣmaḥ'.

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, though)

(indeclinable)

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - enraged, very angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - enraged, very angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' with prefix 'sam-'

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 0)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' and 'bhīṣmaḥ'.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'has' with prefix 'pra-'

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 0)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' and 'bhīṣmaḥ'.

इदम् (idam) - these words (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 0)