महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-104, verse-37

पार्था विमनसो भूत्वा प्रैक्षन्त पितरं तव ।
युध्यमानं रणे शूरं विप्रचित्तिमिवामराः ।
न चैनं वारयामासुर्व्यात्ताननमिवान्तकम् ॥३७॥

37. pārthā vimanaso bhūtvā praikṣanta pitaraṁ tava ,
yudhyamānaṁ raṇe śūraṁ vipracittimivāmarāḥ ,
na cainaṁ vārayāmāsurvyāttānanamivāntakam.

37. pārthāḥ vimanasaḥ bhūtvā praīkṣanta
pitaram tava yudhyamānam raṇe śūram
vipracittim iva amarāḥ na ca enam
vārayāmāsuḥ vyāttānanam iva antakam

37. pārthāḥ vimanasaḥ bhūtvā,
tava śūram pitaram raṇe yudhyamānam,
amarāḥ vipracittim iva,
praīkṣanta.
ca enam vyāttānanam antakam iva na vārayāmāsuḥ.

37. The Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā), becoming disheartened, watched your heroic father fighting in battle, just as the gods (amarāḥ) might gaze upon Vipracitti. Nor could they stop him, who was like Death (antaka) with an open mouth.

Words meanings summery:

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva. (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā)

• विमनसः (vimanasaḥ) - dispirited, disheartened, dejected

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

• प्रईक्षन्त (praīkṣanta) - they looked at, observed

• पितरम् (pitaram) - Bhīṣma (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's father, not the Pārthas' direct father) (father)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - fighting, battling

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the war

• शूरम् (śūram) - heroic, brave warrior

• विप्रचित्तिम् (vipracittim) - Vipracitti (a demon)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अमराः (amarāḥ) - the immortals, gods

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - Refers to Bhīṣma. (him, this (masc.))

• वारयामासुः (vārayāmāsuḥ) - they stopped, restrained, prevented

• व्यात्ताननम् (vyāttānanam) - with open mouth

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अन्तकम् (antakam) - Yama (the god of death) (Death, the Destroyer)

Words meanings and morphology

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva. (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for Arjuna, or the Pāṇḍavas collectively

From pṛthā (Kuntī) + aṇ suffix.

Note: Subject of praīkṣanta and vārayāmāsuḥ.

विमनसः (vimanasaḥ) - dispirited, disheartened, dejected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vimanasa

vimanasa - dispirited, disheartened, sad, distressed

From vi (away, without) + manas (mind, spirit).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (vi+manas)

• vi – apart, without, away
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• manas – mind, spirit, intellect
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √bhū (1st class) + suffix tvā.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Connects vimanasaḥ to praīkṣanta.

प्रईक्षन्त (praīkṣanta) - they looked at, observed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of praīkṣ

Imperfect Middle

3rd person plural, middle voice. From pra- + √īkṣ (1st class).

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: The subject is pārthāḥ.

पितरम् (pitaram) - Bhīṣma (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's father, not the Pārthas' direct father) (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Accusative singular.

Note: Object of praīkṣanta. Refers to Bhīṣma as a patriarchal figure.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular.

Note: Possessive, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - fighting, battling

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling

Present Middle Participle

Formed from √yudh (4th class), middle voice (śānac).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Adjective for pitaram.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

From √raṇ (to rejoice, sound).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

शूरम् (śūram) - heroic, brave warrior

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - heroic, brave, warrior

Accusative singular masculine.

Note: Adjective for pitaram.

विप्रचित्तिम् (vipracittim) - Vipracitti (a demon)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipracitti

vipracitti - name of a Daitya (demon) chief

Accusative singular.

Note: Object of comparison with Bhīṣma.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

अमराः (amarāḥ) - the immortals, gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amara

amara - immortal, god, deity

From a (not) + mara (mortal).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+mara)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mara – mortal, dying
  adjective
  From √mṛ
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject for the implied comparison.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects the two clauses.

एनम् (enam) - Refers to Bhīṣma. (him, this (masc.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that (proximity)

Accusative singular masculine.

Note: Object of vārayāmāsuḥ.

वारयामासुः (vārayāmāsuḥ) - they stopped, restrained, prevented

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vārayāmāsuḥ

Perfect Active (Causative)

3rd person plural, active voice. From √vṛ (5th, 9th class) in causative stem (vārayati).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: The subject is pārthāḥ.

व्यात्ताननम् (vyāttānanam) - with open mouth

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyāttānana

vyāttānana - having an open mouth

From vi-ā- + √dā (to open) + ānana (mouth).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (vyātta+ānana)

• vyātta – opened, wide open
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi-ā-√dā
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: dā (class 3)
• ānana – mouth, face
  noun (neuter)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Adjective for antakam.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

अन्तकम् (antakam) - Yama (the god of death) (Death, the Destroyer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of antaka

antaka - causing an end, destroyer, Death, Yama

From anta (end) + ka (agent suffix).

Root: ant (class 1)

Note: Object of comparison with Bhīṣma. Original Sanskrit term antaka included in translation.