महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-104, verse-21

ते वध्यमानाः समरे तावका भरतर्षभ ।
नाशक्नुवन्वारयितुं पाण्डवानां महद्बलम् ॥२१॥

21. te vadhyamānāḥ samare tāvakā bharatarṣabha ,
nāśaknuvanvārayituṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ mahadbalam.

21. te vadhyamānāḥ samare tāvakāḥ bharatarṣabha
na aśaknuvan vārayitum pāṇḍavānām mahat balam

21. bharatarṣabha te tāvakāḥ samare vadhyamānāḥ
pāṇḍavānām mahat balam vārayitum na aśaknuvan

21. O best of the Bharatas, your warriors, being slain in the battle, were unable to check the great might of the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - Referring to "your warriors" (tāvakāḥ). (they, those)

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

• समरे (samare) - in battle, on the battlefield

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) warriors/sons (Kauravas) (your men, your people, those belonging to you)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O best of the Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

• न (na) - not, no

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - (with na) they were unable, they could not (they were able, they could)

• वारयितुम् (vārayitum) - to check, to stop (to restrain, to ward off, to prevent)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas, belonging to the Pāṇḍavas

• महत् (mahat) - great, mighty, large

• बलम् (balam) - military might/force (strength, power, force, army)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - Referring to "your warriors" (tāvakāḥ). (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative plural masculine form.

Note: Subject of the main clause.

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slayed

present passive participle

From root han (to strike, kill) in the passive stem vadhyate, with śānac suffix.

Root: han (class 2)

समरे (samare) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From sam + root ṛ (to go, move) or mṛ (to die), implying clash.

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) warriors/sons (Kauravas) (your men, your people, those belonging to you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you

From tva (you) + ka suffix.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O best of the Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of the Bharatas, eminent Bharata

Compound of bharata (descendant of Bharata) and ṛṣabha (bull, best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent, chief
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - (with na) they were unable, they could not (they were able, they could)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of śak

Root śak (5th class svādi) imperfect active.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Often takes an infinitive.

वारयितुम् (vārayitum) - to check, to stop (to restrain, to ward off, to prevent)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

From causative stem of root vṛ (to cover, restrain) + tumun suffix.

Root: vṛ (class 1)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas, belonging to the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, relating to Pāṇḍu

From Pāṇḍu + 'a' suffix.

महत् (mahat) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

present active participle (used as adjective)

From root mah (to be great) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: The d comes from sandhi with balam.

बलम् (balam) - military might/force (strength, power, force, army)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, might, force, army, military

Root: bal (class 10)