महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-104, verse-18

अर्जुनप्रमुखाः पार्थाः पुरस्कृत्य शिखण्डिनम् ।
भीष्मं युद्धेऽभ्यवर्तन्त किरन्तो विविधाञ्शरान् ॥१८॥

18. arjunapramukhāḥ pārthāḥ puraskṛtya śikhaṇḍinam ,
bhīṣmaṁ yuddhe'bhyavartanta kiranto vividhāñśarān.

18. arjunapramukhāḥ pārthāḥ puraskṛtya śikhaṇḍinam
bhīṣmam yuddhe abhyavartanta kirantaḥ vividhān śarān

18. pārthāḥ arjunapramukhāḥ śikhaṇḍinam puraskṛtya
yuddhe bhīṣmam vividhān śarān kirantaḥ abhyavartanta

18. Arjuna and the principal Pārthas, putting Śikhaṇḍin in the lead, advanced in battle against Bhīṣma, showering various arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनप्रमुखाः (arjunapramukhāḥ) - Arjuna-led, headed by Arjuna, with Arjuna as chief

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - The Pāṇḍava brothers (sons of Pṛthā, descendants of Pṛthā)

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front (as a leader) (having placed in front, having put forward, having honored)

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin (accusative)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (accusative)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they advanced towards, they turned towards, they approached

• किरन्तः (kirantaḥ) - showering (arrows) (showering, scattering, throwing)

• विविधान् (vividhān) - various, manifold, diverse

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows (accusative)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनप्रमुखाः (arjunapramukhāḥ) - Arjuna-led, headed by Arjuna, with Arjuna as chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of arjunapramukha

arjunapramukha - with Arjuna as the chief, led by Arjuna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (arjuna+pramukha)

• arjuna – Arjuna (name of the third Pāṇḍava prince)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pramukha – chief, principal, foremost, main
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Modifies pārthāḥ.

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - The Pāṇḍava brothers (sons of Pṛthā, descendants of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Derived from Pṛthā by adding 'aṇ' suffix indicating 'descendant of'.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front (as a leader) (having placed in front, having put forward, having honored)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

From puras (before, in front) and root kṛ (to do, make) with lyap suffix for absolutives preceded by a prefix.

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies the action of abhyavartanta.

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍin (a warrior, originally a woman, Ambā, who was reborn to kill Bhīṣma)

Note: Object of puraskṛtya.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (son of Gaṅgā and Śāntanu, grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas, supreme commander of the Kaurava army)

Note: Object of the verb abhyavartanta.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

From root yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Denotes location of the action.

अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they advanced towards, they turned towards, they approached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect past (laṅ) of vṛt

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Active verb for pārthāḥ.

किरन्तः (kirantaḥ) - showering (arrows) (showering, scattering, throwing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kiran

kiran - scattering, showering, diffusing

present active participle

From root kṛ (to scatter, throw) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Modifies pārthāḥ.

विविधान् (vividhān) - various, manifold, diverse

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse, different kinds of

Compound of vi (apart, distinct) and vidha (kind, sort).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vi+vidha)

• vi – apart, distinct, without, special
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies śarān.

शरान् (śarān) - arrows (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

From root śṝ (to injure, break).

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Object of kirantaḥ.