महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-219, verse-8

अभिजित्स्पर्धमाना तु रोहिण्या कन्यसी स्वसा ।
इच्छन्ती ज्येष्ठतां देवी तपस्तप्तुं वनं गता ॥८॥

8. abhijitspardhamānā tu rohiṇyā kanyasī svasā ,
icchantī jyeṣṭhatāṁ devī tapastaptuṁ vanaṁ gatā.

8. abhijit spardhamānā tu rohiṇyā kanyasī svasā |
icchanti jyeṣṭhatām devī tapaḥ taptum vanam gatā

8. But Abhijit, the younger sister, desiring seniority and competing with Rohiṇī, went to the forest to perform austerities (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• अभिजित् (abhijit) - Abhijit (name of a constellation/goddess)

• स्पर्धमाना (spardhamānā) - competing, vying, emulating (feminine)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• रोहिण्या (rohiṇyā) - with Rohiṇī

• कन्यसी (kanyasī) - younger, youngest (feminine)

• स्वसा (svasā) - sister

• इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desiring, wishing (feminine)

• ज्येष्ठताम् (jyeṣṭhatām) - seniority, eldest status

• देवी (devī) - Abhijit, identified as a goddess. (goddess, divine female)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, austerity (tapas)

• तप्तुम् (taptum) - to perform (tapas) (to perform, to practice (austerity))

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

• गता (gatā) - gone, went (feminine)

Words meanings and morphology

अभिजित् (abhijit) - Abhijit (name of a constellation/goddess)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of abhijit

abhijit - victorious, a particular constellation, a female name

From prefix 'abhi' + √ji (to conquer).

Prefix: abhi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Base is 'abhijit', nominative singular is 'abhijit'.

स्पर्धमाना (spardhamānā) - competing, vying, emulating (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of spardhamāna

spardhamāna - competing, emulating, rivalling

Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

From √spardh (to vie, compete) + śānac suffix.

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Abhijit.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

रोहिण्या (rohiṇyā) - with Rohiṇī

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rohiṇī

rohiṇī - Rohiṇī (name of a constellation, a goddess, a wife of the moon)

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Used with 'spardhamānā' (competing with).

कन्यसी (kanyasī) - younger, youngest (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kanyas

kanyas - younger, youngest

Comparative/superlative form of 'kanīna' or related to 'kanyā'.

Note: Qualifies 'svasā'.

स्वसा (svasā) - sister

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of svasṛ

svasṛ - sister

Note: Refers to Abhijit.

इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desiring, wishing (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of icchantī

icchantī - desiring, wishing

Present Active Participle

From √iṣ (to wish, desire) + śatṛ suffix, feminine form.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Abhijit.

ज्येष्ठताम् (jyeṣṭhatām) - seniority, eldest status

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jyeṣṭhatā

jyeṣṭhatā - superiority, seniority, eldest rank/status

Derived from 'jyeṣṭha' (eldest, most excellent) + 'tā' (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Object of 'icchanti'.

देवी (devī) - Abhijit, identified as a goddess. (goddess, divine female)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, queen, a respectable lady

Feminine of 'deva'.

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Co-referential with Abhijit.

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, penance, religious austerity (tapas), self-mortification

From √tap (to heat, to be hot).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of the infinitive 'taptum'.

तप्तुम् (taptum) - to perform (tapas) (to perform, to practice (austerity))

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of tap

Infinitive

From √tap (to heat, to perform austerities) + tumun suffix.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used with 'tapas' as 'tapas taptum' - to perform austerities.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Denotes destination of motion.

गता (gatā) - gone, went (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, understood

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go) + kta suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a finite verb in this context (went).