महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-219, verse-47

आसीनश्च शयानश्च यः पश्यति नरः पितॄन् ।
उन्माद्यति स तु क्षिप्रं स ज्ञेयस्तु पितृग्रहः ॥४७॥

47. āsīnaśca śayānaśca yaḥ paśyati naraḥ pitṝn ,
unmādyati sa tu kṣipraṁ sa jñeyastu pitṛgrahaḥ.

47. āsīnaḥ ca śayānaḥ ca yaḥ paśyati naraḥ pitṝn
unmādyati saḥ tu kṣipram saḥ jñeyaḥ tu pitṛgrahaḥ

47. A person who sees the ancestors (pitṛs), whether seated or lying down, quickly goes mad. He should indeed be known as someone possessed by ancestors.

Words meanings summery:

• आसीनः (āsīnaḥ) - seated, sitting, being in a state

• च (ca) - and, also

• शयानः (śayānaḥ) - lying down, resting, asleep

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, beholds

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors, fathers

• उन्माद्यति (unmādyati) - goes mad, becomes insane, raves

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, knowable, ought to be known

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

• पितृग्रहः (pitṛgrahaḥ) - ancestral seizure, possession by ancestors

Words meanings and morphology

आसीनः (āsīnaḥ) - seated, sitting, being in a state

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - seated, sitting, staying, resting, being present

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root ās (class 2) with the śānac suffix

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'naraḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Used correlatively with the subsequent 'ca' to mean 'both... and...'.

शयानः (śayānaḥ) - lying down, resting, asleep

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying down, resting, sleeping

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root śī (class 2) with the śānac suffix

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'naraḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, beholds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Tense, Active Voice

Derived from root dṛś (class 1), using the present stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male, human being

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors, fathers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, forefathers, progenitor

उन्माद्यति (unmādyati) - goes mad, becomes insane, raves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of unmād

Present Tense, Active Voice

Derived from root mad (class 4) with the prefix ut-

Prefix: ut

Root: mad (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'naraḥ'.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative singular neuter of the adjective).

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'naraḥ'.

ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, knowable, ought to be known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, ought to be known, comprehensible

Gerundive or Future Passive Participle

Derived from root jñā (class 9) with the ṇyat suffix

Root: jñā (class 9)

तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis.

पितृग्रहः (pitṛgrahaḥ) - ancestral seizure, possession by ancestors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛgraha

pitṛgraha - possession by ancestors or spirits of the dead, ancestral affliction

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+graha)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• graha – seizing, gripping, holding, a planet (often considered a seizing entity), an evil spirit, possession
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root grah (class 9) 'to seize'
  Root: grah (class 9)