महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-219, verse-47

आसीनश्च शयानश्च यः पश्यति नरः पितॄन् ।
उन्माद्यति स तु क्षिप्रं स ज्ञेयस्तु पितृग्रहः ॥४७॥

47. āsīnaśca śayānaśca yaḥ paśyati naraḥ pitṝn ,
unmādyati sa tu kṣipraṁ sa jñeyastu pitṛgrahaḥ.

47. āsīnaḥ ca śayānaḥ ca yaḥ paśyati naraḥ pitṝn
unmādyati saḥ tu kṣipram saḥ jñeyaḥ tu pitṛgrahaḥ

47. A person who sees the ancestors (pitṛs), whether seated or lying down, quickly goes mad. He should indeed be known as someone possessed by ancestors.

47. אדם שרואה את אבותיו המנוחים, בין ישוב ובין שוכב, משתגע מהר, ויש להכיר בזה גְרַהַה של האבות.

Words meanings summery:

• आसीनः (āsīnaḥ) - seated, sitting, being in a state

• च (ca) - and, also

• शयानः (śayānaḥ) - lying down, resting, asleep

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, beholds

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors, fathers

• उन्माद्यति (unmādyati) - goes mad, becomes insane, raves

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, knowable, ought to be known

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

• पितृग्रहः (pitṛgrahaḥ) - ancestral seizure, possession by ancestors

Words meanings and morphology

आसीनः (āsīnaḥ) - seated, sitting, being in a state

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - seated, sitting, staying, resting, being present

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root ās (class 2) with the śānac suffix

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'naraḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Used correlatively with the subsequent 'ca' to mean 'both... and...'.

शयानः (śayānaḥ) - lying down, resting, asleep

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying down, resting, sleeping

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root śī (class 2) with the śānac suffix

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'naraḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, beholds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Tense, Active Voice

Derived from root dṛś (class 1), using the present stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male, human being

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors, fathers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, forefathers, progenitor

उन्माद्यति (unmādyati) - goes mad, becomes insane, raves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of unmād

Present Tense, Active Voice

Derived from root mad (class 4) with the prefix ut-

Prefix: ut

Root: mad (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'naraḥ'.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative singular neuter of the adjective).

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'naraḥ'.

ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, knowable, ought to be known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, ought to be known, comprehensible

Gerundive or Future Passive Participle

Derived from root jñā (class 9) with the ṇyat suffix

Root: jñā (class 9)

तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis.

पितृग्रहः (pitṛgrahaḥ) - ancestral seizure, possession by ancestors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛgraha

pitṛgraha - possession by ancestors or spirits of the dead, ancestral affliction

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+graha)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• graha – seizing, gripping, holding, a planet (often considered a seizing entity), an evil spirit, possession
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root grah (class 9) 'to seize'
  Root: grah (class 9)

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