महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-219, verse-49

उपाघ्राति च यो गन्धान्रसांश्चापि पृथग्विधान् ।
उन्माद्यति स तु क्षिप्रं स ज्ञेयो राक्षसो ग्रहः ॥४९॥

49. upāghrāti ca yo gandhānrasāṁścāpi pṛthagvidhān ,
unmādyati sa tu kṣipraṁ sa jñeyo rākṣaso grahaḥ.

49. upāghrāti ca yaḥ gandhān rasān ca api pṛthagvidhān
unmādyati saḥ tu kṣipram saḥ jñeyaḥ rākṣasaḥ grahaḥ

49. The person who smells various odors and tastes of diverse kinds quickly goes mad. He should indeed be known as a demonic (rākṣasa) possession.

Words meanings summery:

• उपाघ्राति (upāghrāti) - smells, perceives by smell

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• गन्धान् (gandhān) - odors, smells, fragrances

• रसान् (rasān) - tastes, flavors, juices

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too, moreover

• पृथग्विधान् (pṛthagvidhān) - of various kinds, diverse, manifold

• उन्माद्यति (unmādyati) - goes mad, becomes insane, raves

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, knowable, ought to be known

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demonic, belonging to rākṣasas

• ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - seizure, possession, an evil spirit

Words meanings and morphology

उपाघ्राति (upāghrāti) - smells, perceives by smell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upāghrā

Present Tense, Active Voice

Derived from root ghrā (class 1) with prefixes upa- and ā-

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ghrā (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

गन्धान् (gandhān) - odors, smells, fragrances

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance, scent, perfume

रसान् (rasān) - tastes, flavors, juices

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor, juice, essence, sentiment

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too, moreover

(indeclinable)

पृथग्विधान् (pṛthagvidhān) - of various kinds, diverse, manifold

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pṛthagvidha

pṛthagvidha - of various kinds, manifold, diverse

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pṛthak+vidha)

• pṛthak – separate, distinct, apart, individually
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, type, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies both 'gandhān' and 'rasān'.

उन्माद्यति (unmādyati) - goes mad, becomes insane, raves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of unmād

Present Tense, Active Voice

Derived from root mad (class 4) with the prefix ut-

Prefix: ut

Root: mad (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'naraḥ' implied by 'yaḥ'.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative singular neuter of the adjective).

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'naraḥ' implied by 'yaḥ'.

ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, knowable, ought to be known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, ought to be known, comprehensible

Gerundive or Future Passive Participle

Derived from root jñā (class 9) with the ṇyat suffix

Root: jñā (class 9)

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demonic, belonging to rākṣasas

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - belonging to a rākṣasa, demonic, monstrous; a rākṣasa (demon)

Derived from rakṣas (demon) with an affix indicating relation or belonging

ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - seizure, possession, an evil spirit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of graha

graha - seizing, gripping, holding, a planet (often considered a seizing entity), an evil spirit, possession

Derived from root grah (class 9) 'to seize'

Root: grah (class 9)