महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-219, verse-25

अपतत्स तदा भूमौ विसंज्ञोऽथ क्षुधान्वितः ।
स्कन्देन सोऽभ्यनुज्ञातो रौद्ररूपोऽभवद्ग्रहः ।
स्कन्दापस्मारमित्याहुर्ग्रहं तं द्विजसत्तमाः ॥२५॥

25. apatatsa tadā bhūmau visaṁjño'tha kṣudhānvitaḥ ,
skandena so'bhyanujñāto raudrarūpo'bhavadgrahaḥ ,
skandāpasmāramityāhurgrahaṁ taṁ dvijasattamāḥ.

25. apatat sa tadā bhūmau visamjñaḥ atha
kṣudhānvitaḥ skandena saḥ abhyanujñātaḥ
raudrarūpaḥ abhavat grahaḥ skandāpasmāram
iti āhuḥ graham tam dvijasattamāḥ

25. He then fell to the ground, unconscious and afflicted by hunger. Permitted by Skanda, he became a terrible-formed seizer (graha). The best among the twice-born (dvijas) call that particular seizer 'Skandāpasmāra' (Skanda's epilepsy).

Words meanings summery:

• अपतत् (apatat) - he fell down

• स (sa) - he (the golden-effulgent being) (he, that)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• विसम्ज्ञः (visamjñaḥ) - unconscious, senseless

• अथ (atha) - and (then, now, moreover)

• क्षुधान्वितः (kṣudhānvitaḥ) - hungry, afflicted by hunger

• स्कन्देन (skandena) - by Skanda

• सः (saḥ) - he (the golden-effulgent being) (he, that)

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, sanctioned

• रौद्ररूपः (raudrarūpaḥ) - terrible-formed, having a dreadful form

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

• ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - a seizer, an afflicting demon (graha) (seizer, captor, planet, demon causing disease)

• स्कन्दापस्मारम् (skandāpasmāram) - Skandāpasmāra (Skanda's epilepsy)

• इति (iti) - (introducing a quotation or naming) (thus, so, in this way)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

• ग्रहम् (graham) - that seizer (graha) (seizer, planet, demon)

• तम् (tam) - that (graha) (that (masculine singular))

• द्विजसत्तमाः (dvijasattamāḥ) - the best among the twice-born (dvijas), excellent Brahmins

Words meanings and morphology

अपतत् (apatat) - he fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person singular, root pat. The 'a' is an augment for the imperfect tense.

Root: pat (class 1)

स (sa) - he (the golden-effulgent being) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the puruṣaḥ from the previous verse.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

विसम्ज्ञः (visamjñaḥ) - unconscious, senseless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of visamjña

visamjña - unconscious, senseless, bewildered

Compound of vi (negation/separation) + saṃjñā (consciousness).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+saṃjñā)

• vi – asunder, apart, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or negation
• saṃjñā – consciousness, understanding, name
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'sa'.

अथ (atha) - and (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

क्षुधान्वितः (kṣudhānvitaḥ) - hungry, afflicted by hunger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhānvita

kṣudhānvita - hungry, afflicted by hunger, accompanied by hunger

Compound of kṣudhā (hunger) + anvita (accompanied by).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣudhā+anvita)

• kṣudhā – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
• anvita – accompanied by, connected with, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'i' (to go) with prefix anu, and kta suffix.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sa'.

स्कन्देन (skandena) - by Skanda

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of skanda

skanda - Skanda, Kartikeya

Root: skand (class 1)

Note: Agent in passive construction ('abhyanujñātaḥ').

सः (saḥ) - he (the golden-effulgent being) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the puruṣaḥ from the previous verse.

अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, sanctioned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, allowed, sanctioned, consented to

Past Passive Participle

From root jñā (to know) with prefixes abhi and anu, and kta suffix.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

रौद्ररूपः (raudrarūpaḥ) - terrible-formed, having a dreadful form

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raudrarūpa

raudrarūpa - terrible-formed, having a dreadful form, fierce-looking

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (raudra+rūpa)

• raudra – terrible, fierce, belonging to Rudra
  adjective (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with grahaḥ.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person singular, root bhū, Parasmaipada. The 'a' is an augment for the imperfect tense.

Root: bhū (class 1)

ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - a seizer, an afflicting demon (graha) (seizer, captor, planet, demon causing disease)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of graha

graha - seizer, captor, planet, demon causing disease, astrological influence

From root grah (to seize, take)

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Complement of 'abhavat'.

स्कन्दापस्मारम् (skandāpasmāram) - Skandāpasmāra (Skanda's epilepsy)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of skandāpasmāra

skandāpasmāra - Skandāpasmāra (a type of epilepsy associated with Skanda, or a graha causing it)

Compound of Skanda (name of deity) and Apasmāra (epilepsy).

Compound type : tatpurusha (skanda+apasmāra)

• skanda – Skanda, Kartikeya
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: skand (class 1)
• apasmāra – epilepsy, loss of memory/consciousness
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'apa' (away) and 'smāra' (memory).
  Prefix: apa
  Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.

इति (iti) - (introducing a quotation or naming) (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lit) of ah

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person plural, irregular perfect stem. Often used with present meaning.

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Used like a present tense despite being a perfect form.

ग्रहम् (graham) - that seizer (graha) (seizer, planet, demon)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of graha

graha - seizer, captor, planet, demon causing disease, astrological influence

From root grah (to seize, take)

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.

तम् (tam) - that (graha) (that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to graha.

द्विजसत्तमाः (dvijasattamāḥ) - the best among the twice-born (dvijas), excellent Brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best among the twice-born, excellent Brahmin

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya); bird; tooth
  noun (masculine)
  From dvi (two) + jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, excellent, most eminent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama to 'sat' (good).

Note: Subject of 'āhuḥ'.