महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-219, verse-46

यः पश्यति नरो देवाञ्जाग्रद्वा शयितोऽपि वा ।
उन्माद्यति स तु क्षिप्रं तं तु देवग्रहं विदुः ॥४६॥

46. yaḥ paśyati naro devāñjāgradvā śayito'pi vā ,
unmādyati sa tu kṣipraṁ taṁ tu devagrahaṁ viduḥ.

46. yaḥ paśyati naraḥ devān jāgrat vā śayitaḥ api vā
unmādyati saḥ tu kṣipram tam tu devagraham viduḥ

46. The person who sees the deities, whether awake or even while sleeping, quickly goes mad. Such a one is indeed known as being possessed by a deity.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, beholds

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

• देवान् (devān) - gods, deities, divine beings

• जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - awake, waking, vigilant

• वा (vā) - or, either

• शयितः (śayitaḥ) - lain down, asleep, resting

• अपि (api) - also, even, too, moreover

• वा (vā) - or, either

• उन्माद्यति (unmādyati) - goes mad, becomes insane, raves

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

• देवग्रहम् (devagraham) - divine seizure, possession by a deity

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, beholds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Tense, Active Voice

Derived from root dṛś (class 1), using the present stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male, human being

देवान् (devān) - gods, deities, divine beings

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being, celestial being

जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - awake, waking, vigilant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - awake, waking, vigilant, watchful

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jāgṛ (class 2) with the śatṛ suffix

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'naraḥ'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Used correlatively with the subsequent 'vā' to mean 'whether... or...'.

शयितः (śayitaḥ) - lain down, asleep, resting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śayita

śayita - lain down, asleep, resting, reposed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śī (class 2) with the kta suffix

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'naraḥ'.

अपि (api) - also, even, too, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis ('even').

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

उन्माद्यति (unmādyati) - goes mad, becomes insane, raves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of unmād

Present Tense, Active Voice

Derived from root mad (class 4) with the prefix ut-

Prefix: ut

Root: mad (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'naraḥ'.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative singular neuter of the adjective).

तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'naraḥ'.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis.

देवग्रहम् (devagraham) - divine seizure, possession by a deity

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devagraha

devagraha - seizure by a god, divine possession, an evil spirit that possesses

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+graha)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
• graha – seizing, gripping, holding, a planet (often considered a seizing entity), an evil spirit, possession
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root grah (class 9) 'to seize'
  Root: grah (class 9)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of vid

Perfect Tense, Active Voice (used in present sense)

Irregular perfect form (lit. 'they have known') often used with a present meaning ('they know')

Root: vid (class 2)