महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-187, verse-3

आपो नारा इति प्रोक्ताः संज्ञानाम कृतं मया ।
तेन नारायणोऽस्म्युक्तो मम तद्ध्ययनं सदा ॥३॥

3. āpo nārā iti proktāḥ saṁjñānāma kṛtaṁ mayā ,
tena nārāyaṇo'smyukto mama taddhyayanaṁ sadā.

3. āpaḥ nārā iti proktāḥ saṃjñānām kṛtam mayā tena
nārāyaṇaḥ asmi uktaḥ mama tat adhyayanam sadā

3. The waters are called 'nāra' (nārā), and that name was given by me. Therefore, I am called Nārāyaṇa, and my constant abode (adhyayana) is in them.

Words meanings summery:

• आपः (āpaḥ) - waters

• नारा (nārā) - the specific term 'nārā' for waters (the waters (a specific term), relating to men)

• इति (iti) - introduces a name or quotation (thus, so, named as)

• प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - called, declared, said

• संज्ञानाम् (saṁjñānām) - of the names, of the designations

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

• मया (mayā) - by me

• तेन (tena) - therefore, for that reason (by that, therefore)

• नारायणः (nārāyaṇaḥ) - Nārāyaṇa (epithet of Vishnu/Krishna)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, called

• मम (mama) - my, mine

• तत् (tat) - referring to the 'nārā' (waters) (that)

• अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - my dwelling/abode (in the waters) (study, dwelling, abode)

• सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

Words meanings and morphology

आपः (āpaḥ) - waters

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water, waters

नारा (nārā) - the specific term 'nārā' for waters (the waters (a specific term), relating to men)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nārā

nārā - waters (a specific noun often referring to the primordial waters); also, related to men (from nara)

इति (iti) - introduces a name or quotation (thus, so, named as)

(indeclinable)

प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - called, declared, said

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prokta

prokta - said, declared, told, named

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix pra + root vac (to speak) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Matches 'āpaḥ' in gender, number, and case

संज्ञानाम् (saṁjñānām) - of the names, of the designations

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of saṃjñā

saṁjñā - name, designation, appellation, technical term

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'tat' (that) implied, referring to the act of naming

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: Agent of passive verb 'kṛtam'

तेन (tena) - therefore, for that reason (by that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the act of naming the waters 'nārā'

नारायणः (nārāyaṇaḥ) - Nārāyaṇa (epithet of Vishnu/Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārāyaṇa

nārāyaṇa - Narayana (a name of Vishnu), 'resting on the waters', 'abode of men'

Compound type : tatpurusha (nāra+ayana)

• nāra – water (collectively or primordial waters); relating to men
  noun (neuter)
• ayana – going, path, abode, resting place
  noun (neuter)
  Root: i (class 2)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Root: as (class 2)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, called

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, called

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'Nārāyaṇaḥ' (I am called Nārāyaṇa)

मम (mama) - my, mine

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

तत् (tat) - referring to the 'nārā' (waters) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the waters (āpaḥ/nārā), the original 'nāra' as the context of 'adhyayana'.

अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - my dwelling/abode (in the waters) (study, dwelling, abode)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyayana

adhyayana - study, learning, reading; also, dwelling, abode

Derived from prefix adhi + root i (to go, study)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)