महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-187, verse-49

एतद्दृष्टं मया राजंस्तस्मिन्प्राप्ते युगक्षये ।
आश्चर्यं भरतश्रेष्ठ सर्वधर्मभृतां वर ॥४९॥

49. etaddṛṣṭaṁ mayā rājaṁstasminprāpte yugakṣaye ,
āścaryaṁ bharataśreṣṭha sarvadharmabhṛtāṁ vara.

49. etat dṛṣṭam mayā rājan tasmin prāpte yugakṣaye
| āścaryam bharataśreṣṭha sarvadharmabhṛtām vara

49. O King, best of the Bhāratas, and foremost among all upholders of natural law (dharma), this astonishing event was seen by me when that dissolution of the cosmic age (yuga-kṣaya) occurred.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, this event

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, beheld

• मया (mayā) - by me

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, at that

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - approached, attained, arrived

• युगक्षये (yugakṣaye) - at the dissolution of the age, at the end of the yuga

• आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - a wonder, astonishing thing

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bhāratas (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O best of the Bhāratas)

• सर्वधर्मभृताम् (sarvadharmabhṛtām) - of all upholders of dharma (intrinsic nature/natural law/constitution)

• वर (vara) - O best (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira, implying the best among the upholders of dharma) (O best, O excellent one)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, this event

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, beheld

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, beheld, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see) + kta (passive participle suffix)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `etat`.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, at that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with `yugakṣaye`.

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - approached, attained, arrived

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, arrived, come

Past Passive Participle

From pra + root āp (to obtain) + kta (passive participle suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `yugakṣaye`. Used in a locative absolute construction.

युगक्षये (yugakṣaye) - at the dissolution of the age, at the end of the yuga

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yugakṣaya

yugakṣaya - dissolution of a yuga or age, end of an epoch

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuga+kṣaya)

• yuga – an age, epoch, cosmic period
  noun (neuter)
• kṣaya – destruction, dissolution, end
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction with `tasmin prāpte`.

आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - a wonder, astonishing thing

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āścarya

āścarya - wonder, surprise, astonishment, marvelous thing

Note: Functions as a noun describing the event.

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bhāratas (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O best of the Bhāratas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best of the Bhāratas, chief of the descendants of Bharata

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a member of the Bharata lineage
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, chief
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira.

सर्वधर्मभृताम् (sarvadharmabhṛtām) - of all upholders of dharma (intrinsic nature/natural law/constitution)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvadharmabhṛt

sarvadharmabhṛt - upholder of all dharma, one who bears all duties or natural laws

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+dharma+bhṛt)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• dharma – intrinsic nature, natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – one who bears, upholds, supports
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root bhṛ (to bear) + kvip suffix
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

वर (vara) - O best (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira, implying the best among the upholders of dharma) (O best, O excellent one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - excellent, best, boon, blessing

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `sarvadharmabhṛtām` by implication.