महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-19, verse-59

श्रुतवाञ्श्रद्दधानश्च पराक्रान्तश्च पाण्डव ।
यः परित्यजते मर्त्यो लोकतन्त्रमसारवत् ।
एतैरुपायैः स क्षिप्रं परां गतिमवाप्नुयात् ॥५९॥

59. śrutavāñśraddadhānaśca parākrāntaśca pāṇḍava ,
yaḥ parityajate martyo lokatantramasāravat ,
etairupāyaiḥ sa kṣipraṁ parāṁ gatimavāpnuyāt.

59. śrutavān śraddadhānaḥ ca parākrāntaḥ
ca pāṇḍava yaḥ parityajate martyaḥ
lokatantram asāravat etaiḥ upāyaiḥ
saḥ kṣipram parām gatim avāpnuyāt

59. O Pāṇḍava, any mortal who is learned, possesses faith (śraddhā), and is courageous, and who abandons the insubstantial worldly system, quickly attains the supreme state by these means.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - learned, having heard, possessing knowledge

• श्रद्दधानः (śraddadhānaḥ) - having faith, faithful, believing

• च (ca) - and, also

• पराक्रान्तः (parākrāntaḥ) - courageous, mighty, valorous, powerful

• च (ca) - and, also

• पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Arjuna (O son of Pāṇḍu)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• परित्यजते (parityajate) - abandons, gives up, renounces

• मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - mortal, human being

• लोकतन्त्रम् (lokatantram) - the worldly system, the system of the world

• असारवत् (asāravat) - insubstantial, worthless, devoid of essence

• एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (means mentioned in the previous verse) (by these)

• उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by means, by expedients

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

• पराम् (parām) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• गतिम् (gatim) - supreme state (goal, state, path, movement)

• अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - may attain, should attain

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - learned, having heard, possessing knowledge

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrutavat

śrutavat - having heard, learned, wise

Past Active Participle

Derived from √śru (to hear) with the suffix -vat, forming a past active participle.

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'martyaḥ'.

श्रद्दधानः (śraddadhānaḥ) - having faith, faithful, believing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śraddadhāna

śraddadhāna - having faith, faithful, believing, endowed with devotion (śraddhā)

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

Present participle from √dhā with prefix śrat, meaning to place faith, believe. 'śrat' is an archaic prefix related to 'śraddhā'.

Prefix: śrat

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'martyaḥ'. Translates to 'possesses faith (śraddhā)'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पराक्रान्तः (parākrāntaḥ) - courageous, mighty, valorous, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parākrānta

parākrānta - courageous, mighty, valorous, attacked, overcome

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √kram (to step, stride) with prefix parā.

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'martyaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Arjuna (O son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, an epithet for Arjuna or his brothers

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to 'martyaḥ'.

परित्यजते (parityajate) - abandons, gives up, renounces

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of tyaj

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Root tyaj with prefix pari.

मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - mortal, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of martya

martya - mortal, human being, man

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

लोकतन्त्रम् (lokatantram) - the worldly system, the system of the world

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lokatantra

lokatantra - the worldly system, the conduct of the world, worldly affairs

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+tantra)

• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 1)
• tantra – system, doctrine, rule, loom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Object of 'parityajate'.

असारवत् (asāravat) - insubstantial, worthless, devoid of essence

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asāravat

asāravat - devoid of essence, unsubstantial, worthless

Derived from 'asāra' (without essence) with possessive suffix -vat. 'asāra' is a negative compound of 'a' and 'sāra'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+sāra)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• sāra – essence, substance, pith, strength
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'lokatantram'.

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (means mentioned in the previous verse) (by these)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the means mentioned in the previous verse.

उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by means, by expedients

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upāya

upāya - means, method, expedient, approach

From √i with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an adverb.

पराम् (parām) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of para

para - other, ultimate, supreme, highest

Note: Agrees with 'gatim'.

गतिम् (gatim) - supreme state (goal, state, path, movement)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, path, state, destination, goal

From √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'avāpnuyāt'.

अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - may attain, should attain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of āp

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Root āp with prefix ava.