महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-19, verse-40

जीवः कायं वहति चेच्चेष्टयानः कलेवरम् ।
किंवर्णं कीदृशं चैव निवेशयति वै मनः ।
याथातथ्येन भगवन्वक्तुमर्हसि मेऽनघ ॥४०॥

40. jīvaḥ kāyaṁ vahati cecceṣṭayānaḥ kalevaram ,
kiṁvarṇaṁ kīdṛśaṁ caiva niveśayati vai manaḥ ,
yāthātathyena bhagavanvaktumarhasi me'nagha.

40. jīvaḥ kāyam vahati cet ceṣṭayānaḥ
kalevaram | kim-varṇam kīdṛśam ca eva
niveśayati vai manaḥ | yāthātathyena
bhagavan vaktum arhasi me anagha

40. cet jīvaḥ ceṣṭayānaḥ kāyam kalevaram vahati,
vai manaḥ kim-varṇam kīdṛśam ca eva niveśayati? anagha bhagavan me yāthātathyena vaktum arhasi.

40. If the living being (jīva) sustains and animates the body, then what is the nature and color with which the mind (manas) establishes itself (in that body)? O venerable Lord, O sinless one, you ought to explain this to me in its true nature.

Words meanings summery:

• जीवः (jīvaḥ) - the living being (jīva) (living being, soul, life)

• कायम् (kāyam) - body, heap, collection

• वहति (vahati) - sustains (carries, bears, sustains, moves)

• चेत् (cet) - if, when

• चेष्टयानः (ceṣṭayānaḥ) - animating (the body) (moving, acting, striving)

• कलेवरम् (kalevaram) - body, frame

• किम्-वर्णम् (kim-varṇam) - of what color, what complexion

• कीदृशम् (kīdṛśam) - of what kind, of what nature

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• निवेशयति (niveśayati) - establishes itself (causes to enter, places, settles, establishes)

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, truly

• मनः (manaḥ) - the mind (manas) (mind, intellect, heart)

• याथातथ्येन (yāthātathyena) - in its true nature (truly, accurately, according to truth)

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O venerable Lord (O Lord, O venerable one)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to tell

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one, O faultless one

Words meanings and morphology

जीवः (jīvaḥ) - the living being (jīva) (living being, soul, life)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - living, alive, living being, soul, life

Root: √jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vahati'.

कायम् (kāyam) - body, heap, collection

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, heap, collection, multitude

Note: Object of 'vahati'.

वहति (vahati) - sustains (carries, bears, sustains, moves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vah

Root: √vah (class 1)

Note: Describes the action of the jīva.

चेत् (cet) - if, when

(indeclinable)

Note: Conditional particle.

चेष्टयानः (ceṣṭayānaḥ) - animating (the body) (moving, acting, striving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ceṣṭayāna

ceṣṭayāna - moving, acting, striving, endeavoring

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √ceṣṭ (to move, act) with śānac suffix

Root: √ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Describes the state or action of the jīva, that of causing movement.

कलेवरम् (kalevaram) - body, frame

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kalevara

kalevara - body, frame, physical form, carcass

Note: Object of 'ceṣṭayānaḥ' (implicitly, as it is moved).

किम्-वर्णम् (kim-varṇam) - of what color, what complexion

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim-varṇa

kim-varṇa - of what color, what complexion

Compound of kim (what) + varṇa (color)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+varṇa)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (neuter)
• varṇa – color, caste, class, letter, appearance
  noun (masculine)

Note: Interrogative adjective, describing the 'manas' (implicitly).

कीदृशम् (kīdṛśam) - of what kind, of what nature

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kīdṛśa

kīdṛśa - of what kind, of what nature, how, what like

Derived from kim (what) + dṛś (like)

Note: Interrogative adjective, describing the 'manas'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the question.

निवेशयति (niveśayati) - establishes itself (causes to enter, places, settles, establishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of niveśay

Causative of ni-√viś

Derived from root √viś (to enter) with prefix ni- and causative suffix -aya

Prefix: ni

Root: √viś (class 6)

Note: The active verb, where 'manaḥ' is the subject.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, truly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

मनः (manaḥ) - the mind (manas) (mind, intellect, heart)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, consciousness, thought

Note: Subject of 'niveśayati'.

याथातथ्येन (yāthātathyena) - in its true nature (truly, accurately, according to truth)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yāthātathya

yāthātathya - truth, reality, accuracy, the state of being as it is

Derived from yathātatha (as it is) + -ya (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: Describes the manner of speaking.

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O venerable Lord (O Lord, O venerable one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - possessing fortune/excellence, blessed, venerable, divine, Lord

Note: Address to the speaker (e.g., a sage or deity).

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to tell

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root √vac (to speak) with -tum suffix

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Used with 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: √arh (class 10)

Note: Expresses obligation or appropriateness.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: 'To me'.

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one, O faultless one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure, innocent

Compound of an- (negation) + agha (sin, fault)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+agha)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• agha – sin, fault, evil, distress
  noun (neuter)

Note: Epithet for the person being addressed.