महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-19, verse-20

यथा हि पुरुषः स्वप्ने दृष्ट्वा पश्यत्यसाविति ।
तथारूपमिवात्मानं साधु युक्तः प्रपश्यति ॥२०॥

20. yathā hi puruṣaḥ svapne dṛṣṭvā paśyatyasāviti ,
tathārūpamivātmānaṁ sādhu yuktaḥ prapaśyati.

20. yathā hi puruṣaḥ svapne dṛṣṭvā paśyati asau iti
tathā rūpam iva ātmānam sādhu yuktaḥ prapaśyati

20. yathā hi puruṣaḥ svapne dṛṣṭvā "asau iti" paśyati,
tathā sādhu yuktaḥ ātmānam rūpam iva prapaśyati

20. Just as a person (puruṣa) in a dream, having seen something, perceives 'that is it,' similarly, the properly concentrated person perceives the self (ātman) as if it were a form (rūpa).

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, human being

• स्वप्ने (svapne) - in a dream, during sleep

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, perceiving

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives

• असौ (asau) - that, that one

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in the same way, similarly

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, shape, appearance, visible object

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self, the soul, oneself

• साधु (sādhu) - properly, well, correctly

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - concentrated, disciplined, united (with the self)

• प्रपश्यति (prapaśyati) - clearly sees, perceives thoroughly

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative with 'tathā'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person; the Supreme Being or cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Subject of the 'yathā' clause.

स्वप्ने (svapne) - in a dream, during sleep

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - sleep, dream, dreaming

Root: svap (class 1)

Note: Denotes the location/state of seeing.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Denotes a prior action.

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Tense

Root dṛś forms paśyati in present stem (Class 4).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

असौ (asau) - that, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one (more remote than tad or idam)

Note: Used within the 'iti' clause as the perceived object.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'asau' to the verb 'paśyati' as part of what is thought/perceived.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in the same way, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative with 'yathā'.

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, shape, appearance, visible object

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, visible object, nature, image

Note: Object of comparison, used with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self, the soul, oneself

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - the self, soul, spirit, essence, mind, principle of life

Note: Object of 'prapaśyati'.

साधु (sādhu) - properly, well, correctly

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies the action of seeing or the state of being yukta.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - concentrated, disciplined, united (with the self)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, yoked, engaged, concentrated, disciplined (in yoga)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √yuj (to join, to yoke) + -kta

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective or an epithet describing the state of the subject when seeing.

प्रपश्यति (prapaśyati) - clearly sees, perceives thoroughly

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pra-dṛś

Present Tense

Root dṛś forms paśyati in present stem (Class 4), with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: 'pra-' intensifies the action of seeing.