महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-19, verse-57

किं पुनर्ब्राह्मणाः पार्थ क्षत्रिया वा बहुश्रुताः ।
स्वधर्मरतयो नित्यं ब्रह्मलोकपरायणाः ॥५७॥

57. kiṁ punarbrāhmaṇāḥ pārtha kṣatriyā vā bahuśrutāḥ ,
svadharmaratayo nityaṁ brahmalokaparāyaṇāḥ.

57. kim punaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ pārtha kṣatriyāḥ vā bahuśrutāḥ
svadharmaratayaḥ nityaṃ brahmalokaparāyaṇāḥ

57. O Pārtha, what then of Brahmins or Kṣatriyas who are highly learned, always devoted to their own natural law (dharma), and whose ultimate aim is the realm of Brahmā?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, why, how, whether

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, but, moreover, then

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā)

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kṣatriyas, members of the warrior class

• वा (vā) - or, either

• बहुश्रुताः (bahuśrutāḥ) - highly learned, much heard, well-versed

• स्वधर्मरतयः (svadharmaratayaḥ) - devoted to their own natural law (dharma)

• नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always, constantly, eternally

• ब्रह्मलोकपरायणाः (brahmalokaparāyaṇāḥ) - whose ultimate aim is the realm of Brahmā

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, why, how, whether

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

Note: Used here as an interrogative adverb meaning 'what then' or 'how much more/less'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, but, moreover, then

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in conjunction with 'kim' to imply 'how much more/less'.

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin; relating to Brahmā or the Vedas

Derived from 'brahman' with suffix -a.

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet for Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) with patronymic suffix.

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kṣatriyas, members of the warrior class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a Kṣatriya, member of the warrior or ruling class

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

बहुश्रुताः (bahuśrutāḥ) - highly learned, much heard, well-versed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahuśruta

bahuśruta - much heard; highly learned, well-versed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'bahu' (much) and 'śruta' (heard, learned), which is a PPP of √śru (to hear).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+śruta)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective
• śruta – heard, learned, famed, revealed (Veda)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of √śru (to hear).
  Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Compound adjective describing Brahmins and Kṣatriyas.

स्वधर्मरतयः (svadharmaratayaḥ) - devoted to their own natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svadharmarati

svadharmarati - devotion to one's own natural law (dharma) or duty

Compound type : tatpurusha (svadharma+rati)

• svadharma – one's own natural law (dharma) or duty
  noun (masculine)
• rati – attachment, devotion, pleasure, delight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Compound where 'rati' is the head, implying 'devotion in one's own dharma'.

नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always, constantly, eternally

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an adverb.

ब्रह्मलोकपरायणाः (brahmalokaparāyaṇāḥ) - whose ultimate aim is the realm of Brahmā

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brahmalokaparāyaṇa

brahmalokaparāyaṇa - whose highest goal is the world of Brahmā; solely devoted to the world of Brahmā

Compound type : bahuvrihi (brahmaloka+parāyaṇa)

• brahmaloka – the world of Brahmā
  noun (masculine)
• parāyaṇa – chief aim, ultimate refuge, intent on, devoted to
  noun (neuter)

Note: Compound adjective modifying Brahmins and Kṣatriyas.