महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-19, verse-38

कथमेतानि सर्वाणि शरीराणि शरीरिणाम् ।
वर्धन्ते वर्धमानस्य वर्धते च कथं बलम् ।
निरोजसां निष्क्रमणं मलानां च पृथक्पृथक् ॥३८॥

38. kathametāni sarvāṇi śarīrāṇi śarīriṇām ,
vardhante vardhamānasya vardhate ca kathaṁ balam ,
nirojasāṁ niṣkramaṇaṁ malānāṁ ca pṛthakpṛthak.

38. katham etāni sarvāṇi śarīrāṇi śarīriṇām
| vardhante vardhamānasya vardhate
ca katham balam | nirojhasām
niṣkramaṇam malānām ca pṛthak pṛthak

38. śarīriṇām etāni sarvāṇi śarīrāṇi
katham vardhante vardhamānasya balam
ca katham vardhate nirojhasām ca
malānām pṛthak pṛthak niṣkramaṇam

38. How do all these bodies of embodied beings grow, and how does strength increase for the growing individual? Furthermore, how are inert substances removed, and how are waste products eliminated separately?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• एतानि (etāni) - these

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, every

• शरीराणि (śarīrāṇi) - bodies

• शरीरिणाम् (śarīriṇām) - of embodied beings, of living creatures

• वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - they grow, they increase

• वर्धमानस्य (vardhamānasya) - of the growing individual (of the growing one, of the increasing one)

• वर्धते (vardhate) - grows, increases

• च (ca) - and, also

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• बलम् (balam) - strength, power

• निरोझसाम् (nirojhasām) - of those without vital power/energy, of inert substances

• निष्क्रमणम् (niṣkramaṇam) - elimination, expulsion, going out

• मलानाम् (malānām) - of waste products, of impurities

• च (ca) - and, also

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

एतानि (etāni) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, refers to 'śarīrāṇi'.

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire, whole

Note: Adjective modifying 'śarīrāṇi'.

शरीराणि (śarīrāṇi) - bodies

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of śarīra

śarīra - body, frame, physical form

Note: Subject of 'vardhante'.

शरीरिणाम् (śarīriṇām) - of embodied beings, of living creatures

(noun)

Genitive, plural of śarīrin

śarīrin - embodied, having a body, a living being, creature

Derived from śarīra (body) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Possessive, 'of those having bodies'.

वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - they grow, they increase

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Root: √vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the growth of bodies.

वर्धमानस्य (vardhamānasya) - of the growing individual (of the growing one, of the increasing one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vardhamāna

vardhamāna - growing, increasing, thriving

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √vṛdh (to grow) with śānac suffix

Root: √vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Possessive of the person who is growing.

वर्धते (vardhate) - grows, increases

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Root: √vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the increase of strength.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

बलम् (balam) - strength, power

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, vigor

Note: Subject of 'vardhate'.

निरोझसाम् (nirojhasām) - of those without vital power/energy, of inert substances

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of nirojhas

nirojhas - without vital power/energy, feeble, inert, weak

Compound of nis- (without) + ojas (vital energy)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ojas)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  indeclinable
• ojas – vital power, energy, vigor, lustre
  noun (neuter)

Note: Specifies what kind of 'niṣkramaṇam' it is.

निष्क्रमणम् (niṣkramaṇam) - elimination, expulsion, going out

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niṣkramaṇa

niṣkramaṇa - going out, exiting, expulsion, elimination

Nominalization of root √kram with prefix nis-

Derived from root √kram (to step, go) with prefix nis- (out) and suffix -aṇa

Prefix: nis

Root: √kram (class 1)

Note: Subject (implied verb 'occurs').

मलानाम् (malānām) - of waste products, of impurities

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mala

mala - dirt, impurity, waste product, excretion

Note: Possessive, 'of waste products'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly

(indeclinable)

Note: Describes the manner of elimination.

पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition emphasizes distinct separation.