महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-19, verse-4

जीवितं मरणं चोभे सुखदुःखे तथैव च ।
लाभालाभे प्रियद्वेष्ये यः समः स च मुच्यते ॥४॥

4. jīvitaṁ maraṇaṁ cobhe sukhaduḥkhe tathaiva ca ,
lābhālābhe priyadveṣye yaḥ samaḥ sa ca mucyate.

4. jīvitam maraṇam ca ubhe sukhaduḥkhe tathā eva ca
| lābhālābhe priyadveṣye yaḥ samaḥ saḥ ca mucyate

4. yaḥ jīvitam maraṇam ca ubhe sukhaduḥkhe tathā eva ca lābhālābhe priyadveṣye samaḥ,
saḥ ca mucyate

4. One who remains balanced (sama) regarding both life and death, happiness and sorrow, gain and loss, and beloved and hateful things, such a person is liberated.

Words meanings summery:

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

• च (ca) - and, also

• उभे (ubhe) - both

• सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - happiness and sorrow (dual)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in the same way

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, truly

• च (ca) - and, also

• लाभालाभे (lābhālābhe) - gain and loss (dual)

• प्रियद्वेष्ये (priyadveṣye) - beloved and hateful things; friends and enemies (dual)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

• समः (samaḥ) - balanced (sama) or equanimous (equal, same, balanced, impartial)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (demonstrative pronoun)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मुच्यते (mucyate) - is liberated, is released

Words meanings and morphology

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, duration of life

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root 'jīv' (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Can be accusative as well, but nominative makes sense with 'ubhe'.

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

From root 'mṛ' (to die) with suffix -ana

Root: mṛ (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उभे (ubhe) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of ubha

ubha - both

सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - happiness and sorrow (dual)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - happiness and sorrow

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in the same way

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, truly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

लाभालाभे (lābhālābhe) - gain and loss (dual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of lābhālābha

lābhālābha - gain and loss

Compound type : dvandva (lābha+alābha)

• lābha – gain, acquisition, profit
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'labh' (to obtain)
  Root: labh (class 1)
• alābha – loss, no gain
  noun (masculine)
  Negative of lābha
  Prefix: a

Note: Can be masculine or neuter for Dvandva compounds. Here, likely masculine to match priyadveṣye.

प्रियद्वेष्ये (priyadveṣye) - beloved and hateful things; friends and enemies (dual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of priyadveṣya

priyadveṣya - beloved and hateful things/persons

Compound type : dvandva (priya+dveṣya)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• dveṣya – hateful, an object of hatred, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root 'dviṣ' (to hate)
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Null here, could be accusative also, depending on interpretation of 'samah' as adjective or as 'being equal to'. But with 'yah' as nominative, these are typically nominatives that 'yah' is equal towards.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

समः (samaḥ) - balanced (sama) or equanimous (equal, same, balanced, impartial)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sama

sama - equal, same, balanced, impartial, tranquil

सः (saḥ) - he, that (demonstrative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मुच्यते (mucyate) - is liberated, is released

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of muc

Present Passive

Present 3rd person singular, Atmanepada, passive form

Root: muc (class 6)