महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-40, verse-9

ताभ्यः कामान्यथाकामं प्रादाद्धि स पितामहः ।
ताः कामलुब्धाः प्रमदाः प्रामथ्नन्त नरांस्तदा ॥९॥

9. tābhyaḥ kāmānyathākāmaṁ prādāddhi sa pitāmahaḥ ,
tāḥ kāmalubdhāḥ pramadāḥ prāmathnanta narāṁstadā.

9. tābhyaḥ kāmān yathākāmam prādāt hi saḥ pitāmahaḥ
tāḥ kāmalubdhāḥ pramadāḥ prāmathnanta narān tadā

9. hi saḥ pitāmahaḥ tābhyaḥ yathākāmam kāmān prādāt
tadā tāḥ kāmalubdhāḥ pramadāḥ narān prāmathnanta

9. Indeed, the grandfather (Brahma) granted them (women) desires as they wished. Then, those women, infatuated with desires, began to torment men.

Words meanings summery:

• ताभ्यः (tābhyaḥ) - to those (unchaste) women (to them, for them)

• कामान् (kāmān) - desires, wishes, pleasures

• यथाकामम् (yathākāmam) - according to desire, as wished, arbitrarily

• प्रादात् (prādāt) - he gave, he bestowed

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• सः (saḥ) - that (Brahma) (he, that)

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the grandfather (Brahma) (grandfather, Brahma)

• ताः (tāḥ) - those (unchaste) women (those, they)

• कामलुब्धाः (kāmalubdhāḥ) - greedy for desires, infatuated with desires

• प्रमदाः (pramadāḥ) - those captivating women (intoxicating women, charming women, women)

• प्रामथ्नन्त (prāmathnanta) - they agitated, tormented, harassed

• नरान् (narān) - men, males

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

ताभ्यः (tābhyaḥ) - to those (unchaste) women (to them, for them)

(pronoun)

Dative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the 'asādhvyaḥ nāryaḥ' from the previous verse.

कामान् (kāmān) - desires, wishes, pleasures

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure

Root: kam

यथाकामम् (yathākāmam) - according to desire, as wished, arbitrarily

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable compound (avyayībhāva) of 'yathā' (as, according to) and 'kāma' (desire).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+kāma)

• yathā – as, according to, just as
  indeclinable
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam

Note: Adverb of manner.

प्रादात् (prādāt) - he gave, he bestowed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Root dā (दा) 'to give' with prefix pra (प्र), past imperfect, active voice, 3rd person singular. The augment 'a' and prefix 'pra' combine to 'prā'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or explanatory particle.

सः (saḥ) - that (Brahma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the grandfather (Brahma) (grandfather, Brahma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Brahma (the creator god)

ताः (tāḥ) - those (unchaste) women (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the 'asādhvyaḥ nāryaḥ' from the previous verse.

कामलुब्धाः (kāmalubdhāḥ) - greedy for desires, infatuated with desires

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kāmalubdha

kāmalubdha - greedy for pleasure, lustful, infatuated with desire

Compound of 'kāma' (desire) and 'lubdha' (greedy, infatuated).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+lubdha)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam
• lubdha – greedy, covetous, infatuated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root lubh (लुभ्) 'to covet'.
  Root: lubh (class 4)

Note: Agreeing with 'tāḥ' and 'pramadāḥ'.

प्रमदाः (pramadāḥ) - those captivating women (intoxicating women, charming women, women)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pramadā

pramadā - a charming woman, an intoxicating woman, a joyful woman

From prefix 'pra' (प्र) and root 'mad' (मद्) 'to be intoxicated, delighted'.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

प्रामथ्नन्त (prāmathnanta) - they agitated, tormented, harassed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of math

Root: math (class 9)

Note: Root math (मथ्) 'to churn, torment' with prefix pra (प्र), past imperfect, middle voice (ātmanepada), 3rd person plural. The 'a' augment combines with 'pra' to 'prā'.

नरान् (narān) - men, males

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being, male

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.