महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-40, verse-15

इदं तु पुरुषव्याघ्र पुरस्ताच्छ्रुतवानहम् ।
यथा रक्षा कृता पूर्वं विपुलेन गुरुस्त्रियः ॥१५॥

15. idaṁ tu puruṣavyāghra purastācchrutavānaham ,
yathā rakṣā kṛtā pūrvaṁ vipulena gurustriyaḥ.

15. idam tu puruṣavyāghra purastāt śrutavān aham
yathā rakṣā kṛtā pūrvam vipulena gurustriyaḥ

15. puruṣavyāghra,
aham tu idam purastāt śrutavān,
yathā pūrvam gurustriyaḥ rakṣā vipulena kṛtā.

15. O tiger among men, I have indeed heard this story before: how, in ancient times, the wife of a preceptor (guru) was protected by Vipula.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - formerly, previously, in front

• श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - (I) heard, having heard

• अहम् (aham) - I

• यथा (yathā) - how, as

• रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection

• कृता (kṛtā) - done, made, accomplished

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• विपुलेन (vipulena) - by Vipula (proper noun)

• गुरुस्त्रियः (gurustriyaḥ) - of the preceptor's (guru's) wife

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, present

Note: Object of 'śrutavān'

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, eminent man

Compound type : karmadhāraya (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - formerly, previously, in front

(indeclinable)

श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - (I) heard, having heard

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrutavat

śrutavat - having heard

Past Active Participle

From root 'śru' with suffix '-vat'

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

यथा (yathā) - how, as

(indeclinable)

रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rakṣā

rakṣā - protection, guarding, preservation, defense

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

कृता (kṛtā) - done, made, accomplished

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, accomplished, created

Past Passive Participle

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'rakṣā'

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative singular neuter form)

विपुलेन (vipulena) - by Vipula (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vipula

vipula - Vipula (name of a sage); extensive, large, abundant

Note: Agent of action 'kṛtā'

गुरुस्त्रियः (gurustriyaḥ) - of the preceptor's (guru's) wife

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of gurustrī

gurustrī - wife of a preceptor (guru)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (guru+strī)

• guru – preceptor, teacher, spiritual guide
  noun (masculine)
• strī – woman, wife, female
  noun (feminine)