महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-132, verse-54

यस्तु शुक्लाभिजातीयः प्राणिघातविवर्जकः ।
निक्षिप्तदण्डो निर्दण्डो न हिनस्ति कदाचन ॥५४॥

54. yastu śuklābhijātīyaḥ prāṇighātavivarjakaḥ ,
nikṣiptadaṇḍo nirdaṇḍo na hinasti kadācana.

54. yaḥ tu śuklābhijātīyaḥ prāṇighātavivarjakaḥ
nikṣiptadaṇḍaḥ nirdaṇḍaḥ na hinasti kadācana

54. tu yaḥ śuklābhijātīyaḥ prāṇighātavivarjakaḥ
nikṣiptadaṇḍaḥ nirdaṇḍaḥ kadācana na hinasti

54. However, a person of noble birth who refrains from harming living beings, who has laid down the rod of punishment and is therefore free from wielding force, never causes injury.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• शुक्लाभिजातीयः (śuklābhijātīyaḥ) - of pure birth, of noble lineage

• प्राणिघातविवर्जकः (prāṇighātavivarjakaḥ) - refraining from killing living beings

• निक्षिप्तदण्डः (nikṣiptadaṇḍaḥ) - one who has laid down the rod/punishment, unarmed, non-violent

• निर्दण्डः (nirdaṇḍaḥ) - free from wielding force (without a rod, unarmed, innocent, not subject to punishment)

• न (na) - not, no

• हिनस्ति (hinasti) - injures, harms, kills

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, never (with 'na')

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Corresponds to an implied 'saḥ' in the main clause.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

शुक्लाभिजातीयः (śuklābhijātīyaḥ) - of pure birth, of noble lineage

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuklābhijātīya

śuklābhijātīya - of pure or white birth, belonging to a good family, of noble lineage

Compound formed from śukla and abhijātīya.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śukla+abhijātīya)

• śukla – white, pure, bright, virtuous
  adjective (masculine)
• abhijātīya – of good family, noble, well-born
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from abhijāta (well-born), which comes from √jan (to be born) with prefix abhi-.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: √jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

प्राणिघातविवर्जकः (prāṇighātavivarjakaḥ) - refraining from killing living beings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇighātavivarjaka

prāṇighātavivarjaka - one who avoids or refrains from killing living beings

Compound of prāṇighāta and vivarjaka.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇighāta+vivarjaka)

• prāṇighāta – killing of living beings, violence against life
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of prāṇin (living being) and ghāta (killing).
• vivarjaka – one who avoids, excludes, shuns
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √vṛj (to avoid, abandon) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: √vṛj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

निक्षिप्तदण्डः (nikṣiptadaṇḍaḥ) - one who has laid down the rod/punishment, unarmed, non-violent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nikṣiptadaṇḍa

nikṣiptadaṇḍa - one who has laid down the rod (of punishment), unarmed, non-violent

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nikṣipta+daṇḍa)

• nikṣipta – laid down, placed, thrown
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √kṣip (to throw) with prefix ni-.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: √kṣip (class 6)
• daṇḍa – rod, staff, stick, punishment, penalty, royal power
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

निर्दण्डः (nirdaṇḍaḥ) - free from wielding force (without a rod, unarmed, innocent, not subject to punishment)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirdaṇḍa

nirdaṇḍa - without a rod, unarmed, innocent, not subject to punishment, not using force

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'nis' (without) and 'daṇḍa' (rod, punishment).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+daṇḍa)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or absence.
• daṇḍa – rod, staff, stick, punishment, penalty, royal power
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

हिनस्ति (hinasti) - injures, harms, kills

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of hiṃs

Present tense, active voice. From the root √hiṃs.

Root: √hiṃs (class 7)

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, never (with 'na')

(indeclinable)

Compound of kadā (when) and cana (even, indeed).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kadā+cana)

• kadā – when?
  indeclinable
• cana – even, indeed, also
  indeclinable
  Emphatic particle.

Note: Used with 'na' to mean 'never'.