महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-132, verse-17

उमोवाच ।
वाचाथ बध्यते येन मुच्यतेऽप्यथ वा पुनः ।
तानि कर्माणि मे देव वद भूतपतेऽनघ ॥१७॥

17. umovāca ,
vācātha badhyate yena mucyate'pyatha vā punaḥ ,
tāni karmāṇi me deva vada bhūtapate'nagha.

17. umā uvāca | vācā atha badhyate yena mucyate api atha
vā punaḥ | tāni karmāṇi me deva vada bhūtapate anagha

17. umā uvāca anagha deva bhūtapate,
yena vācā badhyate api atha vā punaḥ mucyate,
tāni karmāṇi me vada

17. Umā said: "O sinless God, Lord of beings, please tell me those actions (karma) by which one becomes bound through speech, and also those by which one is again released."

Words meanings summery:

• उमा (umā) - Umā (Parvati)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by words

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound, is tied

• येन (yena) - by which, by whom

• मुच्यते (mucyate) - is released, is freed

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• वा (vā) - or

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

• तानि (tāni) - those

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions, deeds

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my

• देव (deva) - Addressed to Shiva (O God, O divine one)

• वद (vada) - tell, speak

• भूतपते (bhūtapate) - Addressed to Shiva (O lord of beings, O lord of creatures)

• अनघ (anagha) - Addressed to Shiva (O sinless one, O faultless one)

Words meanings and morphology

उमा (umā) - Umā (Parvati)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of umā

umā - Umā, a name of Pārvatī

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect active third person singular

Perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by words

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound, is tied

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of bandh

present passive third person singular

Derived from root √bandh

Root: bandh (class 9)

येन (yena) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, who (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'karmāṇi' in this context

मुच्यते (mucyate) - is released, is freed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of muc

present passive third person singular

Derived from root √muc

Root: muc (class 6)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

(indeclinable)

तानि (tāni) - those

(pronoun)

neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions, deeds

(noun)

neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual action, karma

From √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मे (me) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I (first person pronoun)

देव (deva) - Addressed to Shiva (O God, O divine one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being, lord

वद (vada) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of vad

imperative active second person singular

Derived from root √vad

Root: vad (class 1)

भूतपते (bhūtapate) - Addressed to Shiva (O lord of beings, O lord of creatures)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhūtapati

bhūtapati - lord of beings/creatures

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+pati)

• bhūta – being, creature, element, ghost
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

अनघ (anagha) - Addressed to Shiva (O sinless one, O faultless one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure

Negation prefix 'a' + 'agha' (sin)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+agha)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• agha – sin, evil, fault, distress
  noun (neuter)