महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-132, verse-52

अथ चेन्निरयात्तस्मात्समुत्तरति कर्हिचित् ।
मानुष्यं लभते चापि हीनायुस्तत्र जायते ॥५२॥

52. atha cennirayāttasmātsamuttarati karhicit ,
mānuṣyaṁ labhate cāpi hīnāyustatra jāyate.

52. atha cet nirayāt tasmāt samuttarati karhicit
mānuṣyam labhate ca api hīna-āyuḥ tatra jāyate

52. atha cet karhicit tasmāt nirayāt samuttarati,
mānuṣyam labhate ca api.
tatra hīna-āyuḥ jāyate.

52. Now, if he somehow escapes from that hell (niraya), he also attains human birth. Yet, there he is born with a short lifespan.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover

• चेत् (cet) - if, in case

• निरयात् (nirayāt) - from hell (niraya)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, from it

• समुत्तरति (samuttarati) - emerges, escapes, crosses over

• कर्हिचित् (karhicit) - somehow, at some time, ever

• मानुष्यम् (mānuṣyam) - human state, human birth

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, receives, gains

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• हीन-आयुः (hīna-āyuḥ) - having a short lifespan

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, comes into being

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover

(indeclinable)

Particle marking the beginning of a new topic or clause.

चेत् (cet) - if, in case

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

निरयात् (nirayāt) - from hell (niraya)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niraya

niraya - hell, infernal region, underworld

From 'nir' (down, out) + 'i' (to go) + 'aya' suffix.

Prefix: nir

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates source "from hell".

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, from it

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to "that hell".

समुत्तरति (samuttarati) - emerges, escapes, crosses over

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sam-ud-tṛ

Present Active

Derived from root 'tṛ' (to cross) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ud'.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Verb of the conditional clause.

कर्हिचित् (karhicit) - somehow, at some time, ever

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'karhi' (when?) + 'cit' (indefinite particle).

Note: Adverbial.

मानुष्यम् (mānuṣyam) - human state, human birth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mānuṣya

mānuṣya - humanity, human state, human birth, human nature

Derived from 'manuṣya' (human being) + suffix '-ya' (forms abstract nouns).

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

लभते (labhate) - obtains, receives, gains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Present Active

Root 'labh' (to obtain).

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Verb for the main clause.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects clauses or phrases.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'mānuṣyam'.

हीन-आयुः (hīna-āyuḥ) - having a short lifespan

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hīna-āyu

hīna-āyu - having a short life, short-lived, with a deficient lifespan

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'hīna' (deficient, short) + 'āyu' (life, lifespan).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hīna+āyu)

• hīna – deficient, lacking, abandoned, short
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'hā' (to abandon, to leave).
  Root: hā (class 3)
• āyu – life, lifespan, vital power
  noun (neuter)
  Root 'i' (to go) + 'u' (suffix)
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place, from 'tad' (that) + suffix '-tra'.

Note: Adverbial, indicating location/state.

जायते (jāyate) - is born, comes into being

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present Active

Root 'jan' (to be born). Often used in passive sense for 'to be born'.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The verb for being born with a short lifespan.