महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-132, verse-21

कटुकां ये न भाषन्ते परुषां निष्ठुरां गिरम् ।
अपैशुन्यरताः सन्तस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥२१॥

21. kaṭukāṁ ye na bhāṣante paruṣāṁ niṣṭhurāṁ giram ,
apaiśunyaratāḥ santaste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.

21. kaṭukām ye na bhāṣante paruṣām niṣṭhurām giram
apaiśunyarataḥ santaḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ

21. ye santaḥ narāḥ kaṭukām paruṣām niṣṭhurām giram
na bhāṣante apaiśunyarataḥ te svargagāminaḥ

21. Those virtuous people who do not speak bitter, harsh, or cruel words, and who are committed to not slandering others, such individuals attain heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• कटुकाम् (kaṭukām) - bitter, harsh, pungent

• ये (ye) - those who

• न (na) - not, no

• भाषन्ते (bhāṣante) - speak, say, utter

• परुषाम् (paruṣām) - rough, harsh, cruel

• निष्ठुराम् (niṣṭhurām) - cruel, hard, unfeeling

• गिरम् (giram) - speech, word, voice

• अपैशुन्यरतः (apaiśunyarataḥ) - devoted to not slandering, free from malice/tale-bearing

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - good, virtuous, noble, holy people

• ते (te) - those

• नराः (narāḥ) - people, men

• स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven, attaining heaven

Words meanings and morphology

कटुकाम् (kaṭukām) - bitter, harsh, pungent

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kaṭuka

kaṭuka - bitter, pungent, harsh, sharp, acrid

Note: Declined form of kaṭuka, agreeing with giram.

ये (ye) - those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, whichever, whatever

Note: Relative pronoun, masculine plural nominative.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negating particle.

भाषन्ते (bhāṣante) - speak, say, utter

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of bhāṣ

root bhāṣ (1A), ātmanepada

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada).

परुषाम् (paruṣām) - rough, harsh, cruel

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - rough, harsh, severe, cruel, rude

Note: Declined form of paruṣa, agreeing with giram.

निष्ठुराम् (niṣṭhurām) - cruel, hard, unfeeling

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niṣṭhura

niṣṭhura - hard, cruel, harsh, severe, unfeeling

Note: Declined form of niṣṭhura, agreeing with giram.

गिरम् (giram) - speech, word, voice

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, word, voice, language

Note: Root noun, feminine, singular, accusative.

अपैशुन्यरतः (apaiśunyarataḥ) - devoted to not slandering, free from malice/tale-bearing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apaiśunyarata

apaiśunyarata - devoted to not slandering, free from tale-bearing

Compound formed with a- (negation) + paiśunya (slander) + rata (delighted in, devoted to)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+paiśunya+rata)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• paiśunya – slander, backbiting, tale-bearing
  noun (neuter)
  from piśuna (slanderous)
• rata – delighted in, devoted to, engaged in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from ram (to delight, to enjoy)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Compound adjective, masculine plural nominative, describing narāḥ/santaḥ.

सन्तः (santaḥ) - good, virtuous, noble, holy people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous, saintly

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of as (to be), used as a noun.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Present active participle of 'as' used as a noun, masculine plural nominative.

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural nominative.

नराः (narāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Masculine plural nominative.

स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven, attaining heaven

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svargagāmin

svargagāmin - going to heaven, destined for heaven

Compound noun, from svarga (heaven) + gāmin (going, moving)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+gāmin)

• svarga – heaven, abode of the gods
  noun (masculine)
• gāmin – going, moving, leading to
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  from root gam (to go) + ṇin (agent suffix)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Compound adjective, masculine plural nominative, describing narāḥ.