महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-132, verse-4

महेश्वर उवाच ।
देवि धर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञे सत्यनित्ये दमे रते ।
सर्वप्राणिहितः प्रश्नः श्रूयतां बुद्धिवर्धनः ॥४॥

4. maheśvara uvāca ,
devi dharmārthatattvajñe satyanitye dame rate ,
sarvaprāṇihitaḥ praśnaḥ śrūyatāṁ buddhivardhanaḥ.

4. maheśvara uvāca devi dharmārthatattvajñe satyanitye dame
rate sarvaprāṇihitaḥ praśnaḥ śrūyatām buddhivardhanaḥ

4. maheśvara uvāca devi dharmārthatattvajñe satyanitye dame
rate sarvaprāṇihitaḥ buddhivardhanaḥ praśnaḥ śrūyatām

4. Maheśvara said: "O Goddess, you who understand the essence of natural law (dharma) and purpose, who are ever dedicated to truth and delight in self-control; let this question, which is beneficial to all creatures and enhances wisdom, now be heard."

Words meanings summery:

• महेश्वर (maheśvara) - Lord Shiva (Maheśvara, the Great Lord)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• देवि (devi) - O Uma/Parvati (O Goddess)

• धर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञे (dharmārthatattvajñe) - O you who know the essence of natural law (dharma) and purpose (artha)

• सत्यनित्ये (satyanitye) - O you who are ever dedicated to truth

• दमे (dame) - in self-control, in restraint

• रते (rate) - delighting in, devoted to

• सर्वप्राणिहितः (sarvaprāṇihitaḥ) - beneficial to all beings/creatures

• प्रश्नः (praśnaḥ) - question, inquiry

• श्रूयताम् (śrūyatām) - let it be heard, may it be heard

• बुद्धीवर्धनः (buddhīvardhanaḥ) - enhancing wisdom, increasing intelligence

Words meanings and morphology

महेश्वर (maheśvara) - Lord Shiva (Maheśvara, the Great Lord)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheśvara

maheśvara - Great Lord (an epithet of Shiva)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+īśvara)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• īśvara – lord, master, god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

देवि (devi) - O Uma/Parvati (O Goddess)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, divine lady

Root: div (class 4)

धर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञे (dharmārthatattvajñe) - O you who know the essence of natural law (dharma) and purpose (artha)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of dharmārthatattvajña

dharmārthatattvajña - knower of the essence of dharma and artha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha+tattva+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective
  Derived from √jñā 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Vocative form, agreeing with 'devi'.

सत्यनित्ये (satyanitye) - O you who are ever dedicated to truth

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of satyanitya

satyanitya - ever true, constantly devoted to truth

Compound type : karmadhāraya (satya+nitya)

• satya – truth, real, true
  noun (neuter)
• nitya – eternal, constant, perpetual
  adjective

Note: Vocative form, agreeing with 'devi'.

दमे (dame) - in self-control, in restraint

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation

Root: dam (class 4)

रते (rate) - delighting in, devoted to

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of rata

rata - delighting in, devoted to, engaged in

past passive participle

from √ram 'to delight'

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Vocative form, agreeing with 'devi', takes locative object 'dame'.

सर्वप्राणिहितः (sarvaprāṇihitaḥ) - beneficial to all beings/creatures

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvaprāṇihita

sarvaprāṇihita - beneficial to all living beings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+prāṇin+hita)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (neuter)
• prāṇin – living being, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: prāṇ (class 1)
• hita – beneficial, salutary, good
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  from √dhā, with prefix hi
  Prefix: hi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'praśnaḥ'.

प्रश्नः (praśnaḥ) - question, inquiry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry

Prefix: pra

Root: pracch (class 6)

श्रूयताम् (śrūyatām) - let it be heard, may it be heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (lot) of śru

imperative passive

3rd person singular imperative passive of √śru

Root: śru (class 5)

बुद्धीवर्धनः (buddhīvardhanaḥ) - enhancing wisdom, increasing intelligence

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhīvardhana

buddhīvardhana - increasing wisdom/intellect

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (buddhi+vardhana)

• buddhi – intellect, wisdom, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)
• vardhana – increasing, augmenting, causing to grow
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun / present participle
  from √vṛdh 'to grow, increase'
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'praśnaḥ'.