महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-132, verse-49

निर्दयः सर्वभूतानां नित्यमुद्वेगकारकः ।
अपि कीटपिपीलानामशरण्यः सुनिर्घृणः ॥४९॥

49. nirdayaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ nityamudvegakārakaḥ ,
api kīṭapipīlānāmaśaraṇyaḥ sunirghṛṇaḥ.

49. nirdayaḥ sarva-bhūtānām nityam udvega-kārakaḥ
api kīṭa-pipīlānām aśaraṇyaḥ sunirghṛṇaḥ

49. nirdayaḥ sarva-bhūtānām nityam udvega-kārakaḥ
api kīṭa-pipīlānām aśaraṇyaḥ sunirghṛṇaḥ

49. He is merciless towards all beings, constantly causing distress. Even to insects and ants, he offers no refuge, being extremely cruel.

Words meanings summery:

• निर्दयः (nirdayaḥ) - merciless, cruel, pitiless

• सर्व-भूतानाम् (sarva-bhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• उद्वेग-कारकः (udvega-kārakaḥ) - causing distress, causing anxiety

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• कीट-पिपीलानाम् (kīṭa-pipīlānām) - of insects and ants

• अशरण्यः (aśaraṇyaḥ) - without refuge, offering no protection

• सुनिर्घृणः (sunirghṛṇaḥ) - extremely cruel, very ruthless

Words meanings and morphology

निर्दयः (nirdayaḥ) - merciless, cruel, pitiless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirdaya

nirdaya - pitiless, merciless, cruel, hard-hearted

Derived from 'nir' (without) + 'dayā' (compassion). A bahuvrīhi compound meaning 'one who has no compassion'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nir+dayā)

• nir – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix
• dayā – compassion, pity, sympathy
  noun (feminine)
  Root: day (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subject 'he'.

सर्व-भूतानाम् (sarva-bhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarva-bhūta

sarva-bhūta - all beings, all creatures

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'bhūta' (being/creature).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, to exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'nitya' (eternal, constant).

उद्वेग-कारकः (udvega-kārakaḥ) - causing distress, causing anxiety

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udvega-kāraka

udvega-kāraka - one who causes agitation, one who causes distress/anxiety

Compound of 'udvega' (agitation, distress) and 'kāraka' (causing, doer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (udvega+kāraka)

• udvega – agitation, distress, anxiety, excitement
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vij' (to tremble, move) with upasarga 'ud'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)
• kāraka – doer, maker, agent, causing
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, to make) with suffix -aka.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the subject 'he'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the following noun.

कीट-पिपीलानाम् (kīṭa-pipīlānām) - of insects and ants

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kīṭa-pipīla

kīṭa-pipīla - insects and ants

Dvandva compound 'insects and ants'.

Compound type : dvandva (kīṭa+pipīla)

• kīṭa – insect, worm
  noun (masculine)
• pipīla – ant
  noun (masculine)

अशरण्यः (aśaraṇyaḥ) - without refuge, offering no protection

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśaraṇya

aśaraṇya - affording no refuge, unprotected, helpless

Gerundive (Negative)

From 'a' (not) + 'śaraṇya' (worthy of refuge, affording refuge). 'śaraṇya' is a gerundive from 'śaraṇa' (refuge).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śaraṇya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• śaraṇya – affording shelter/refuge, worthy of protection
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root 'śṛ' (to injure) + suffix '-aṇya' (forms words meaning 'worthy of' or 'suitable for'). More commonly linked to śaraṇa (refuge)
  Root: śṛ

Note: Refers to the subject 'he'.

सुनिर्घृणः (sunirghṛṇaḥ) - extremely cruel, very ruthless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sunirghṛṇa

sunirghṛṇa - very cruel, exceedingly ruthless, extremely merciless

Compound of 'su' (very, extremely) + 'nirghṛṇa' (ruthless, merciless).

Compound type : pra-tatpuruṣa (su+nirghṛṇa)

• su – good, well, excellent, very
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix
• nirghṛṇa – merciless, ruthless, cruel, pitiless
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'nir' (without) + 'ghṛṇā' (pity, compassion). A bahuvrīhi or tatpuruṣa compound.
  Prefix: nir

Note: Refers to the subject 'he'.