महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-132, verse-41

केनायुर्लभते दीर्घं कर्मणा पुरुषः प्रभो ।
तपसा वापि देवेश केनायुर्लभते महत् ॥४१॥

41. kenāyurlabhate dīrghaṁ karmaṇā puruṣaḥ prabho ,
tapasā vāpi deveśa kenāyurlabhate mahat.

41. kena āyuḥ labhate dīrgham karmaṇā puruṣaḥ prabho
tapasā vā api deveśa kena āyuḥ labhate mahat

41. prabho deveśa puruṣaḥ kena karmaṇā dīrgham āyuḥ
labhate vā api kena tapasā mahat āyuḥ labhate

41. By what action (karma), O Lord, does a person obtain a long life? Or by what austerity (tapas), O Lord of gods, does one obtain a great life?

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by what (action/austerity) (by what, by which)

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

• लभते (labhate) - obtains (obtains, gets, receives)

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long (long, extended)

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action, by work)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person (man, person, male)

• प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord (O lord, O master)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas) (by austerity, by heat)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• देवेश (deveśa) - O Lord of gods

• केन (kena) - by what (action/austerity) (by what, by which)

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

• लभते (labhate) - obtains (obtains, gets, receives)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by what (action/austerity) (by what, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Can also be neuter instrumental singular

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, duration of life, age

Note: Nominative or accusative singular. Here, it is the object of 'labhate'.

लभते (labhate) - obtains (obtains, gets, receives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of labh

Root verb, Atmanepada (middle voice)

Root: labh (class 1)

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long (long, extended)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, lengthy, tall, deep

Note: Agrees with 'āyuḥ'

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action, by work)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, consequence of actions (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person (man, person, male)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, male, spirit, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, king, powerful, mighty

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas) (by austerity, by heat)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, austerity, penance, religious fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

देवेश (deveśa) - O Lord of gods

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of deveśa

deveśa - lord of gods, Indra, Shiva, Vishnu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+īśa)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

केन (kena) - by what (action/austerity) (by what, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Can also be neuter instrumental singular

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, duration of life, age

Note: Nominative or accusative singular. Here, it is the object of 'labhate'.

लभते (labhate) - obtains (obtains, gets, receives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of labh

Root verb, Atmanepada (middle voice)

Root: labh (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, strong, mighty, eminent

Note: Agrees with 'āyuḥ'