महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-132, verse-22

पिशुनां ये न भाषन्ते मित्रभेदकरीं गिरम् ।
ऋतां मैत्रीं प्रभाषन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥२२॥

22. piśunāṁ ye na bhāṣante mitrabhedakarīṁ giram ,
ṛtāṁ maitrīṁ prabhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.

22. piśunām ye na bhāṣante mitrabhedakarīm giram
ṛtām maitrīm prabhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ

22. ye piśunām mitrabhedakarīm giram na bhāṣante
ṛtām maitrīm prabhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ

22. Those who do not speak malicious words that cause discord among friends, but rather utter truthful and benevolent speech, such individuals attain heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• पिशुनाम् (piśunām) - slanderous, malicious, divisive

• ये (ye) - those who

• न (na) - not, no

• भाषन्ते (bhāṣante) - speak, say, utter

• मित्रभेदकरीम् (mitrabhedakarīm) - causing separation of friends, divisive

• गिरम् (giram) - speech, word, voice

• ऋताम् (ṛtām) - true, truthful, righteous

• मैत्रीम् (maitrīm) - friendly, benevolent, kindness, friendship

• प्रभाषन्ते (prabhāṣante) - speak out, declare, utter clearly

• ते (te) - those

• नराः (narāḥ) - people, men

• स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven, attaining heaven

Words meanings and morphology

पिशुनाम् (piśunām) - slanderous, malicious, divisive

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of piśuna

piśuna - slanderous, malicious, wicked, cruel, tale-bearing

Note: Declined form of piśuna, agreeing with giram.

ये (ye) - those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, whichever, whatever

Note: Relative pronoun, masculine plural nominative.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negating particle.

भाषन्ते (bhāṣante) - speak, say, utter

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of bhāṣ

root bhāṣ (1A), ātmanepada

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada).

मित्रभेदकरीम् (mitrabhedakarīm) - causing separation of friends, divisive

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mitrabhedakarin

mitrabhedakarin - causing the separation of friends, divisive

Compound noun, from mitra (friend) + bheda (splitting) + karin (doer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mitra+bheda+karin)

• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)
• bheda – breaking, splitting, division, discord
  noun (masculine)
  from root bhid (to split)
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• karin – doing, making, causing, doer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  from root kṛ (to do) + ṇin (agent suffix)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Compound adjective, feminine singular accusative, agreeing with giram.

गिरम् (giram) - speech, word, voice

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, word, voice, language

Note: Root noun, feminine, singular, accusative.

ऋताम् (ṛtām) - true, truthful, righteous

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ṛta

ṛta - true, right, proper, righteous, cosmic order, truth

Note: Declined form of ṛta, agreeing with maitrīm.

मैत्रीम् (maitrīm) - friendly, benevolent, kindness, friendship

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maitrī

maitrī - friendship, friendliness, benevolence, kindness

from mitra (friend)

Note: Feminine noun, singular accusative.

प्रभाषन्ते (prabhāṣante) - speak out, declare, utter clearly

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of prabhāṣ

root bhāṣ (1A) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada) with prefix pra.

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural nominative.

नराः (narāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Masculine plural nominative.

स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven, attaining heaven

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svargagāmin

svargagāmin - going to heaven, destined for heaven

Compound noun, from svarga (heaven) + gāmin (going, moving)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+gāmin)

• svarga – heaven, abode of the gods
  noun (masculine)
• gāmin – going, moving, leading to
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  from root gam (to go) + ṇin (agent suffix)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Compound adjective, masculine plural nominative, describing narāḥ.