महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-132, verse-42

क्षीणायुः केन भवति कर्मणा भुवि मानवः ।
विपाकं कर्मणां देव वक्तुमर्हस्यनिन्दित ॥४२॥

42. kṣīṇāyuḥ kena bhavati karmaṇā bhuvi mānavaḥ ,
vipākaṁ karmaṇāṁ deva vaktumarhasyanindita.

42. kṣīṇāyuḥ kena bhavati karmaṇā bhuvi mānavaḥ
vipākam karmaṇām deva vaktum arhasi anindita

42. deva anindita mānavaḥ bhuvi kena karmaṇā
kṣīṇāyuḥ bhavati karmaṇām vipākam vaktum arhasi

42. By what action (karma) does a human's life become diminished on earth? O blameless deity, you should explain the consequences (vipāka) of actions (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• क्षीणायुः (kṣīṇāyuḥ) - one whose life is diminished (one whose life is diminished, short-lived)

• केन (kena) - by what (action) (by what, by which)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is, exists)

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action, by work)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on earth, in the world)

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human (human, man, offspring of Manu)

• विपाकम् (vipākam) - the consequences (vipāka) (ripening, result, consequence)

• कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions (karma) (of actions, of works)

• देव (deva) - O deity (O god, O divine one)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to explain (to speak, to say)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (you are able, you should, you are fit)

• अनिन्दित (anindita) - O blameless one (blameless, faultless)

Words meanings and morphology

क्षीणायुः (kṣīṇāyuḥ) - one whose life is diminished (one whose life is diminished, short-lived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇāyus

kṣīṇāyus - having a diminished life, short-lived

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+āyus)

• kṣīṇa – diminished, wasted, exhausted, decayed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṣi (to decay, perish)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• āyus – life, duration of life, age
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to 'mānavaḥ'

केन (kena) - by what (action) (by what, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Can also be neuter instrumental singular

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Root verb, Parasmaipada (active voice)

Root: bhū (class 1)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action, by work)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, consequence of actions (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on earth, in the world)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land, world

Root: bhū (class 1)

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human (human, man, offspring of Manu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - human, man, mankind, a descendant of Manu

Derived from Manu

विपाकम् (vipākam) - the consequences (vipāka) (ripening, result, consequence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipāka

vipāka - ripening, maturing, consequence, result, recompense (especially of actions or karma)

Derived from vi-pac (to cook, to ripen)

Prefix: vi

Root: pac (class 1)

कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions (karma) (of actions, of works)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, consequence of actions (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

देव (deva) - O deity (O god, O divine one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine, celestial

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to explain (to speak, to say)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Infinitive construction with 'arhasi'

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (you are able, you should, you are fit)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of arh

Root verb, Parasmaipada (active voice)

Root: arh (class 1)

अनिन्दित (anindita) - O blameless one (blameless, faultless)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anindita

anindita - unblamed, faultless, blameless, irreproachable

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Derived from 'a' (not) + 'nindita' (blamed, from root nind)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nindita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• nindita – blamed, censured, reproached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root nind (to blame, censure)
  Root: nind (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'deva'