महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-289, verse-59

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तमश्च कष्टं सुमहद्रजश्च सत्त्वं च शुद्धं प्रकृतिं परां च ।
सिद्धिं च देवीं वरुणस्य पत्नीं तेजश्च कृत्स्नं सुमहच्च धैर्यम् ॥५९॥

59. tamaśca kaṣṭaṁ sumahadrajaśca; sattvaṁ ca śuddhaṁ prakṛtiṁ parāṁ ca ,
siddhiṁ ca devīṁ varuṇasya patnīṁ; tejaśca kṛtsnaṁ sumahacca dhairyam.

59. tamaḥ ca kaṣṭam sumahat rajaḥ ca
sattvam ca śuddham prakṛtim parām ca
siddhim ca devīm varuṇasya patnīm
tejaḥ ca kṛtsnam sumahat ca dhairyam

59. (A yogi attains/perceives) tamaḥ ca sumahat
kaṣṭam ca rajaḥ ca śuddham sattvam ca parām
prakṛtim ca devīm siddhim ca varuṇasya
patnīm ca kṛtsnam tejaḥ ca sumahat ca dhairyam

59. The yogi perceives darkness and intense suffering, and passion (rajas), and pure goodness (sattva), and the supreme nature (prakṛti), and divine spiritual power (siddhi), and Varuna's wife, and complete splendor, and very great fortitude.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, ignorance, misery)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - suffering (misery, suffering, difficulty, hardship)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - intense (very great, immense, noble)

रजः (rajaḥ) - passion (rajas) (dust, passion, activity, the quality of rajas)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness (sattva) (goodness, purity, reality, existence, the quality of sattva)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

शुद्धम् (śuddham) - pure (pure, clean, clear)

प्रकृतिम् (prakṛtim) - nature (prakṛti) (nature, origin, primary matter, primordial substance)

पराम् (parām) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - spiritual power (siddhi) (perfection, accomplishment, success, supernatural power)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

देवीम् (devīm) - divine (divine, goddess)

वरुणस्य (varuṇasya) - of Varuna

पत्नीम् (patnīm) - wife

तेजः (tejaḥ) - splendor (splendor, brilliance, energy, spiritual power)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - complete (whole, entire, complete)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great (very great, immense, noble)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - fortitude (fortitude, courage, patience, firmness)

Words meanings and morphology

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, ignorance, misery)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, misery, inertia, the quality of tamas

Note: Accusative case based on context of listing objects of perception/attainment.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - suffering (misery, suffering, difficulty, hardship)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficult, painful, suffering, misery, distress

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kaṣ' with suffix 'ta'

Root: kaṣ (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun meaning 'suffering' in context.

सुमहत् (sumahat) - intense (very great, immense, noble)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, immense, noble, excellent

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+mahat)

su – good, well, very, excellent
indeclinable
Prefix/indeclinable
mahat – great, large, vast, noble, eminent
adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'kaṣṭam' and 'dhairyam'.

रजः (rajaḥ) - passion (rajas) (dust, passion, activity, the quality of rajas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, impurity, passion, activity, the quality of rajas

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness (sattva) (goodness, purity, reality, existence, the quality of sattva)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - existence, reality, essence, spirit, goodness, purity, the quality of sattva

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

शुद्धम् (śuddham) - pure (pure, clean, clear)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śuddha

śuddha - pure, clean, clear, stainless, innocent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śudh'

Root: śudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'sattvam'.

प्रकृतिम् (prakṛtim) - nature (prakṛti) (nature, origin, primary matter, primordial substance)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, origin, cause, primary matter, primordial substance

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पराम् (parām) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, remote, other, excellent

Note: Agrees with 'prakṛtim'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - spiritual power (siddhi) (perfection, accomplishment, success, supernatural power)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of siddhi

siddhi - perfection, accomplishment, success, supernatural power, final beatitude

Root: sidh (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

देवीम् (devīm) - divine (divine, goddess)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, divine woman, female deity

Note: Agrees with 'siddhim' or 'patnīm'. In context, it functions as an adjective to 'siddhi' (divine spiritual power) or could be taken as an adjective to 'patnīm' (divine wife). The former seems more aligned with a yogi's attainments.

वरुणस्य (varuṇasya) - of Varuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of varuṇa

varuṇa - Varuna (a Vedic deity, god of waters, oceans, cosmic order)

Note: Possessive case, qualifying 'patnīm'.

पत्नीम् (patnīm) - wife

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress, female owner

Note: Refers to Varunani, or potentially Ganga as daughter of Varuna according to some traditions.

तेजः (tejaḥ) - splendor (splendor, brilliance, energy, spiritual power)

(noun)