महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-289, verse-41

स शीघ्रममलप्रज्ञः कर्म दग्ध्वा शुभाशुभम् ।
उत्तमं योगमास्थाय यदीच्छति विमुच्यते ॥४१॥

41. sa śīghramamalaprajñaḥ karma dagdhvā śubhāśubham ,
uttamaṁ yogamāsthāya yadīcchati vimucyate.

41. sa śīghram amala-prajñaḥ karma dagdhvā śubha-aśubham
uttamam yogam āsthāya yadi icchati vimucyate

41. sa amala-prajñaḥ śīghram śubha-aśubham karma
dagdhvā uttamam yogam āsthāya yadi icchati vimucyate

41. He, possessing pure wisdom (amala-prajñaḥ), quickly (śīghram) burns away (dagdhvā) both auspicious and inauspicious actions (karma). By resorting to (āsthāya) the supreme spiritual discipline (yoga), if he desires (yadi icchati), he is liberated (vimucyate).

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that yogi (referred to in the previous verse) (he, that)

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, rapidly)

• अमल-प्रज्ञः (amala-prajñaḥ) - (that yogi) possessing unblemished understanding (one with pure wisdom, pure-minded)

• कर्म (karma) - the accumulated effects of past actions (karma), both good and bad (action, deed, karma, duty)

• दग्ध्वा (dagdhvā) - having completely annihilated or rendered ineffective (the karma) (having burned, consumed by fire)

• शुभ-अशुभम् (śubha-aśubham) - all kinds of karma, whether positive (auspicious) or negative (inauspicious) (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - the highest or most profound (yoga) (supreme, excellent, highest)

• योगम् (yogam) - the highest form of spiritual discipline (yoga) or meditative union (yoga, spiritual discipline, union)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - by firmly establishing oneself in or adopting (the yoga) (having resorted to, having adopted, having taken up)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• इच्छति (icchati) - if he wishes (for liberation) (he desires, he wishes)

• विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - he attains final liberation (mokṣa) (he is liberated, he is released)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that yogi (referred to in the previous verse) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, rapidly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb.

अमल-प्रज्ञः (amala-prajñaḥ) - (that yogi) possessing unblemished understanding (one with pure wisdom, pure-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amala-prajña

amala-prajña - one with pure wisdom, pure-minded

Compound type : bahuvrihi (amala+prajñā)

• amala – pure, spotless, free from dirt
  adjective
  From 'a-' (negative prefix) + 'mala' (dirt)
  Prefix: a
• prajñā – wisdom, intelligence, understanding, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Bahuvrihi compound describing 'sa'.

कर्म (karma) - the accumulated effects of past actions (karma), both good and bad (action, deed, karma, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny, karma

verbal noun

From root kṛ (to do) + -man suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दग्ध्वा (dagdhvā) - having completely annihilated or rendered ineffective (the karma) (having burned, consumed by fire)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Absolutive form from root dah

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Absolutive, indicating a completed action prior to the main verb.

शुभ-अशुभम् (śubha-aśubham) - all kinds of karma, whether positive (auspicious) or negative (inauspicious) (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śubha-aśubha

śubha-aśubha - good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious

Compound type : dvandva (śubha+aśubha)

• śubha – auspicious, good, beautiful, fortunate
  adjective
• aśubha – inauspicious, bad, unlucky, evil
  adjective
  From 'a-' (negative prefix) + 'śubha' (auspicious)
  Prefix: a

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - the highest or most profound (yoga) (supreme, excellent, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - supreme, best, highest, principal

Superlative degree from 'ud' (up)

Note: Qualifies 'yogam'.

योगम् (yogam) - the highest form of spiritual discipline (yoga) or meditative union (yoga, spiritual discipline, union)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - spiritual discipline, union, conjunction, method, effort

verbal noun

From root yuj (to join, to unite) + -a suffix

Root: yuj (class 7)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - by firmly establishing oneself in or adopting (the yoga) (having resorted to, having adopted, having taken up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Absolutive form from root sthā with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Absolutive.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Conditional conjunction.

इच्छति (icchati) - if he wishes (for liberation) (he desires, he wishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - he attains final liberation (mokṣa) (he is liberated, he is released)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of muc

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: The passive form 'vimucyate' emphasizes that liberation (mokṣa) is a state attained.

Previous Verse Next Verse