महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-289, verse-4

वदन्ति कारणं चेदं सांख्याः सम्यग्द्विजातयः ।
विज्ञायेह गतीः सर्वा विरक्तो विषयेषु यः ॥४॥

4. vadanti kāraṇaṁ cedaṁ sāṁkhyāḥ samyagdvijātayaḥ ,
vijñāyeha gatīḥ sarvā virakto viṣayeṣu yaḥ.

4. vadanti kāraṇam ca idam sāṅkhyāḥ samyak dvijātayaḥ
vijñāya iha gatīḥ sarvāḥ viraktaḥ viṣayeṣu yaḥ

4. sāṅkhyāḥ dvijātayaḥ ca idam kāraṇam samyak vadanti: yaḥ iha sarvāḥ gatīḥ vijñāya viṣayeṣu viraktaḥ (asti).

4. Indeed, this is the reason that the Sāṅkhyas, the learned ones, correctly state: one who, having truly understood all courses of existence (saṃsāra) here, becomes detached from sense objects.

Words meanings summery:

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - they speak, they declare

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

• च (ca) - serves to connect and emphasize (and, also, indeed)

• इदम् (idam) - referring to the following explanation (this)

• साङ्ख्याः (sāṅkhyāḥ) - proponents of the Sāṅkhya philosophical system (Sāṅkhyas, followers of Sāṅkhya)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - correctly, properly

• द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - referring to the learned practitioners or proponents of Sāṅkhya (twice-born, learned ones)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having gained complete knowledge or realization (having understood, having known thoroughly)

• इह (iha) - in this earthly existence or cycle of rebirth (here, in this world)

• गतीः (gatīḥ) - various forms of transmigration or rebirth within saṃsāra (states, destinies, courses of existence)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all kinds of (all, every)

• विरक्तः (viraktaḥ) - free from attachment to worldly pleasures and results (detached, dispassionate)

• विषयेषु (viṣayeṣu) - towards the objects of the senses (e.g., sights, sounds, tastes) (in/to sense objects, in/to spheres of experience)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

Words meanings and morphology

वदन्ति (vadanti) - they speak, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

action noun

From causative root 'kṛ' (to do, make), 'kārayati', with suffix '-ana'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - serves to connect and emphasize (and, also, indeed)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - referring to the following explanation (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

साङ्ख्याः (sāṅkhyāḥ) - proponents of the Sāṅkhya philosophical system (Sāṅkhyas, followers of Sāṅkhya)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāṅkhya

sāṅkhya - related to number, enumerative, Sāṅkhya philosophy

From 'saṃkhyā' (number, calculation) with suffix '-a'.

सम्यक् (samyak) - correctly, properly

(indeclinable)

From 'sam' (together, well) and 'añc' (to go, turn).

द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - referring to the learned practitioners or proponents of Sāṅkhya (twice-born, learned ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), a bird, a tooth, a learned person

Compound 'dvi' (two) and 'jāti' (birth).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jāti – birth, origin, species, class
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having gained complete knowledge or realization (having understood, having known thoroughly)

(indeclinable)

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

इह (iha) - in this earthly existence or cycle of rebirth (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

गतीः (gatīḥ) - various forms of transmigration or rebirth within saṃsāra (states, destinies, courses of existence)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of gati

gati - going, motion, course, way, state, condition, destiny (saṃsāra)

action noun

From root 'gam' (to go) with suffix '-ti'.

Root: gam (class 1)

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all kinds of (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Adjective modifying 'gatīḥ'.

विरक्तः (viraktaḥ) - free from attachment to worldly pleasures and results (detached, dispassionate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virakta

virakta - discolored, faded, estranged, detached, dispassionate

Past Passive Participle

From root 'rañj' (to color, be attached) with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe the subject ('yaḥ').

विषयेषु (viṣayeṣu) - towards the objects of the senses (e.g., sights, sounds, tastes) (in/to sense objects, in/to spheres of experience)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, sphere, domain, subject matter

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

Note: Relative pronoun introducing a clause.