महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-289, verse-42

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
आहारान्कीदृशान्कृत्वा कानि जित्वा च भारत ।
योगी बलमवाप्नोति तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ॥४२॥

42. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
āhārānkīdṛśānkṛtvā kāni jitvā ca bhārata ,
yogī balamavāpnoti tadbhavānvaktumarhati.

42. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca āhārān kīdṛśān kṛtvā kāni jitvā ca
bhārata yogī balam avāpnoti tat bhavān vaktum arhati

42. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca bhārata yogī kīdṛśān āhārān kṛtvā ca kāni jitvā balam avāpnoti? tat bhavān vaktum arhati.

42. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O descendant of Bharata (bhārata), by adopting what kind of diet (āhārān kīdṛśān kṛtvā) and by conquering (jitvā) what (kāni), does a yogi (yogī) attain (avāpnoti) strength (balam)? You (bhavān) ought (arhati) to tell (vaktum) me that (tat).'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava brother (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said (he said, he spoke)

• आहारान् (āhārān) - different kinds of food or diet (foods, diets, intakes)

• कीदृशान् (kīdṛśān) - what specific kind (of diet) (of what kind, of what sort)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - by adopting or making (a certain diet) (having done, having made, having performed)

• कानि (kāni) - what (obstacles, desires, senses) (which, what (plural))

• जित्वा (jitvā) - by conquering or mastering (the obstacles/desires) (having conquered, having vanquished)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (vocative, an honorific address typically in the Mahābhārata) (O descendant of Bharata!)

• योगी (yogī) - a practitioner of spiritual discipline (yoga) (a yogi, one who practices yoga)

• बलम् (balam) - spiritual or physical strength (strength, power, might)

• अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - he gains or acquires (strength) (he obtains, he attains, he achieves)

• तत् (tat) - that (information about diet and conquest) (that, therefore)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful address to the interlocutor, likely Bhīṣma) (your honor, you (polite))

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to describe or explain (to speak, to tell)

• अर्हति (arhati) - you are able to explain, you ought to explain (he ought, he deserves, he is able, he should)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava brother (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun, name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

From yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm, steady)

उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense, used for past action.

आहारान् (āhārān) - different kinds of food or diet (foods, diets, intakes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āhāra

āhāra - food, diet, intake, collection

verbal noun

From 'ā-' (prefix) + root 'hṛ' (to take, to carry)

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

कीदृशान् (kīdṛśān) - what specific kind (of diet) (of what kind, of what sort)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kīdṛśa

kīdṛśa - of what sort, of what kind, what like

Note: Interrogative adjective, agreeing with 'āhārān'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - by adopting or making (a certain diet) (having done, having made, having performed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Absolutive form from root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कानि (kāni) - what (obstacles, desires, senses) (which, what (plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

जित्वा (jitvā) - by conquering or mastering (the obstacles/desires) (having conquered, having vanquished)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Absolutive form from root ji

Root: ji (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (vocative, an honorific address typically in the Mahābhārata) (O descendant of Bharata!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a warrior

Derivative from Bharata

Note: Often used as an honorific address in the Mahabharata.

योगी (yogī) - a practitioner of spiritual discipline (yoga) (a yogi, one who practices yoga)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yogin

yogin - a yogi, ascetic, practitioner of yoga

Agent noun from root yuj

Root: yuj (class 7)

बलम् (balam) - spiritual or physical strength (strength, power, might)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - he gains or acquires (strength) (he obtains, he attains, he achieves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āp

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

तत् (tat) - that (information about diet and conquest) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the entire preceding question.

भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful address to the interlocutor, likely Bhīṣma) (your honor, you (polite))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavant

bhavant - your honor, you, lord

Note: Respectful second-person pronoun.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to describe or explain (to speak, to tell)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्हति (arhati) - you are able to explain, you ought to explain (he ought, he deserves, he is able, he should)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Used with an infinitive (vaktum) to mean 'ought to' or 'is able to'.