योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-93, verse-23

वातः फलशिरःपुष्पपातनं कुरुते स्फुरन् ।
तरुणा साधुना धीरापराद्धं किमात्मनः ॥ २३ ॥

vātaḥ phalaśiraḥpuṣpapātanaṃ kurute sphuran ,
taruṇā sādhunā dhīrāparāddhaṃ kimātmanaḥ 23

23. vātaḥ phalaśiraḥpuṣpapātanam kurute sphuran
taruṇā sādhunā dhīra aparāddham kim ātmanaḥ

23. sphuran vātaḥ phalaśiraḥpuṣpapātanam kurute
dhīra taruṇā sādhunā ātmanaḥ kim aparāddham

23. As the wind stirs, it causes fruits, tops (or branches), and flowers to fall. O wise one, what fault can truly be attributed to the nature (ātman) of an upright youth?

Words meanings summery:

• वातः (vātaḥ) - wind, air

• फलशिरःपुष्पपातनम् (phalaśiraḥpuṣpapātanam) - the falling of fruits, tops/branches, and flowers

• कुरुते (kurute) - he/she/it does, makes, causes

• स्फुरन् (sphuran) - stirring, vibrating, trembling, blowing (as wind)

• तरुणा (taruṇā) - by the young, by the youth

• साधुना (sādhunā) - by the good, by the virtuous, by the upright

• धीर (dhīra) - O wise one, O steady one

• अपराद्धम् (aparāddham) - an offense, a fault, erred

• किम् (kim) - what, why, is it?

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self (ātman), of the soul, of the essential nature

Words meanings and morphology

वातः (vātaḥ) - wind, air

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air, atmosphere

from root vā (to blow)

Root: vā (class 2)

फलशिरःपुष्पपातनम् (phalaśiraḥpuṣpapātanam) - the falling of fruits, tops/branches, and flowers

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phalaśiraḥpuṣpapātana

phalaśiraḥpuṣpapātana - the falling of fruits, tree-tops/branches, and flowers

compound of phala, śiras, puṣpa, and pātana

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (phala+śiras+puṣpa+pātana)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• śiras – head, top, summit, chief part
  noun (neuter)
• puṣpa – flower, blossom
  noun (neuter)
• pātana – falling, causing to fall, felling
  noun (neuter)
  from root pat (to fall)
  Root: pat (class 1)

कुरुते (kurute) - he/she/it does, makes, causes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Tense, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Atmanepada form of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

स्फुरन् (sphuran) - stirring, vibrating, trembling, blowing (as wind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sphurant

sphurant - stirring, trembling, vibrating, throbbing, flashing

Present Active Participle

From root sphur (to throb, vibrate, flash)

Root: sphur (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'vātaḥ'

तरुणा (taruṇā) - by the young, by the youth

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of taruṇa

taruṇa - young, youthful, fresh, tender, a youth

साधुना (sādhunā) - by the good, by the virtuous, by the upright

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, upright, proper, an ascetic

from root sādh (to accomplish)

Root: sādh (class 5)

धीर (dhīra) - O wise one, O steady one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - wise, steady, firm, brave, intelligent, a wise person

अपराद्धम् (aparāddham) - an offense, a fault, erred

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aparāddha

aparāddha - offended, sinned, erred, a fault, an offense

Past Passive Participle

from root rādh (to succeed, injure) with prefix apa

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 4)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

किम् (kim) - what, why, is it?

(indeclinable)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self (ātman), of the soul, of the essential nature

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, body, mind

Root: an