वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-8

नयश्च विनयश्चोभौ यस्मिन् सत्यं च सुस्थितम् ।
विक्रमश्च यथा दृष्टः स राजा देशकालवित् ॥८॥

8. nayaśca vinayaścobhau yasmin satyaṃ ca susthitam ,
vikramaśca yathā dṛṣṭaḥ sa rājā deśakālavit.

8. nayaḥ ca vinayaḥ ca ubhau yasmin satyam ca susthitam
vikramaḥ ca yathā dṛṣṭaḥ saḥ rājā deśakālavit

8. yasmin nayaḥ ca vinayaḥ ca ubhau satyam ca susthitam,
yathā vikramaḥ ca dṛṣṭaḥ,
saḥ rājā deśakālavit

8. That king, in whom both statesmanship and humility, as well as truthfulness, are well-established, and whose valor is appropriately demonstrated, is truly discerning of time and circumstance.

Words meanings summery:

• नयः (nayaḥ) - statesmanship (policy, conduct, leadership, prudence)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• विनयः (vinayaḥ) - humility (humility, modesty, good conduct, discipline)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom (referring to the king) (in whom, in which)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truthfulness (truth, reality, truthfully)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• सुस्थितम् (susthitam) - well-established (well-established, well-placed, firm)

• विक्रमः (vikramaḥ) - valor (valor, prowess, might, courage)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• यथा (yathā) - as, appropriately (as, just as, in what manner)

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - demonstrated, seen (seen, observed, perceived)

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (that (masculine nominative singular))

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• देशकालवित् (deśakālavit) - discerning of time and circumstance (knowing time and place, discerning of circumstances)

Words meanings and morphology

नयः (nayaḥ) - statesmanship (policy, conduct, leadership, prudence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naya

naya - policy, conduct, guidance, justice

From root √nī (to lead, guide) + -a suffix.

Root: √nī (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

विनयः (vinayaḥ) - humility (humility, modesty, good conduct, discipline)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinaya

vinaya - humility, modesty, good conduct, training, discipline

From vi- + √nī (to lead, guide) + -a suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: √nī (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Dual pronoun.

Note: Refers to naya and vinaya.

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom (referring to the king) (in whom, in which)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truthfulness (truth, reality, truthfully)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, true, real

From sat (being, existing).

Note: Used here as a noun.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सुस्थितम् (susthitam) - well-established (well-established, well-placed, firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of susthita

susthita - well-established, firm, stable, well-situated

Past Passive Participle

From su- (well) + √sthā (to stand) + kta (PPP suffix).

Prefix: su

Root: √sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'satyam' and implicitly 'nayaḥ' and 'vinayaḥ'.

विक्रमः (vikramaḥ) - valor (valor, prowess, might, courage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikrama

vikrama - valor, prowess, courage, step

From vi- + √kram (to step, go).

Prefix: vi

Root: √kram (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

यथा (yathā) - as, appropriately (as, just as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - demonstrated, seen (seen, observed, perceived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived, appeared

Past Passive Participle

From root √dṛś (to see) + kta (PPP suffix).

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Pronoun referring to the king.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

n-stem noun.

देशकालवित् (deśakālavit) - discerning of time and circumstance (knowing time and place, discerning of circumstances)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deśakālavid

deśakālavid - one who knows place and time, sagacious, prudent

agent noun

Compound of deśa, kāla, and vid (from √vid to know).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deśa+kāla+vid)

• deśa – place, country, region
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season, opportunity
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, knower, wise
  adjective
  agent noun
  From root √vid (to know).
  Root: √vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to the king.