वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-38

तान्न हिंस्यान्न चाक्रोशेन्नाक्षिपेन्नाप्रियं वदेत् ।
देवा मानुषरूपेण चरन्त्येते महीतले ॥३८॥

38. tānna hiṃsyānna cākrośennākṣipennāpriyaṃ vadet ,
devā mānuṣarūpeṇa carantyete mahītale.

38. tān na hiṃsyāt na ca ākrośet na ākṣipet na apriyam
vadet devāḥ mānuṣarūpeṇa caranti ete mahītale

38. tān na hiṃsyāt,
ca na ākrośet,
na ākṣipet,
na apriyam vadet ete devāḥ mānuṣarūpeṇa mahītale caranti hi

38. One should not harm them, nor insult them, nor abuse them, nor speak unpleasant words to them. These gods move about on the earth in human form.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them (referring to kings) (them (masculine/neuter plural))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हिंस्यात् (hiṁsyāt) - one should harm (one should harm, one might harm)

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आक्रोशेत् (ākrośet) - one should insult (one should insult, one might insult)

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• आक्षिपेत् (ākṣipet) - one should abuse (with words) (one should abuse, one might throw at)

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (words) (unpleasant, disagreeable)

• वदेत् (vadet) - one should speak (one should speak, one might speak)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods (gods, deities)

• मानुषरूपेण (mānuṣarūpeṇa) - in human form (in human form, by means of human form)

• चरन्ति (caranti) - they move about, they roam (they move, they roam, they act)

• एते (ete) - these (gods) (these (masculine plural))

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the earth (on the surface of the earth, on earth)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them (referring to kings) (them (masculine/neuter plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

हिंस्यात् (hiṁsyāt) - one should harm (one should harm, one might harm)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hiṃs

Optative Active

3rd person singular, active voice. From root hiṃs, class 7.

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

आक्रोशेत् (ākrośet) - one should insult (one should insult, one might insult)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ākruś

Optative Active

3rd person singular, active voice. From root kruś (to shout) with prefix ā (towards, greatly).

Prefix: ā

Root: kruś (class 1)

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

आक्षिपेत् (ākṣipet) - one should abuse (with words) (one should abuse, one might throw at)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ākṣip

Optative Active

3rd person singular, active voice. From root kṣip (to throw) with prefix ā (towards, at).

Prefix: ā

Root: kṣip (class 6)

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (words) (unpleasant, disagreeable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful, unwelcome

Compound of 'a' (negation) + priya (dear, pleasant).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (neuter)

वदेत् (vadet) - one should speak (one should speak, one might speak)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vad

Optative Active

3rd person singular, active voice. From root vad, class 1.

Root: vad (class 1)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

मानुषरूपेण (mānuṣarūpeṇa) - in human form (in human form, by means of human form)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mānuṣarūpa

mānuṣarūpa - human form, form of a man

Compound of mānuṣa (human) and rūpa (form).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mānuṣa+rūpa)

• mānuṣa – human, man, pertaining to man
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from manu (man).
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)

चरन्ति (caranti) - they move about, they roam (they move, they roam, they act)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of car

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural, active voice. From root car, class 1.

Root: car (class 1)

एते (ete) - these (gods) (these (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etas

etas - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun, variant of etat.

महीतले (mahītale) - on the earth (on the surface of the earth, on earth)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - surface of the earth, earth

Compound of mahī (earth) and tala (surface).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, flat ground
  noun (neuter)