वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-29

सर्वथा धर्म इत्येव द्रष्टव्यस्तव निग्रहः ।
वयस्यस्योपकर्तव्यं धर्ममेवानुपश्यता ॥२९॥

29. sarvathā dharma ityeva draṣṭavyastava nigrahaḥ ,
vayasyasyopakartavyaṃ dharmamevānupaśyatā.

29. sarvathā dharmaḥ iti eva draṣṭavyaḥ tava nigrahaḥ
| vayasyasya upakartavyaṃ dharmaṃ eva anupaśyatā

29. tava nigrahaḥ sarvathā dharmaḥ iti eva draṣṭavyaḥ
dharmaṃ eva anupaśyatā vayasyasya upakartavyaṃ

29. Your chastisement must always be seen as consistent with natural law (dharma). One who truly observes natural law (dharma) should render aid to a friend.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - always (in every way, by all means, always)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought

• एव (eva) - truly, indeed (indeed, only, just)

• द्रष्टव्यः (draṣṭavyaḥ) - should be regarded (to be seen, to be considered, should be viewed)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - chastisement (restraint, subjugation, punishment)

• वयस्यस्य (vayasyasya) - of a friend (of a friend, of a companion)

• उपकर्तव्यं (upakartavyaṁ) - aid must be rendered (help should be rendered, to be helped)

• धर्मं (dharmaṁ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness (accusative))

• एव (eva) - truly (indeed, only, just)

• अनुपश्यता (anupaśyatā) - by one who truly observes (by one who observes, by one who perceives)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - always (in every way, by all means, always)

(indeclinable)

Formed from sarva (all) + -thā (suffix indicating manner)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative nominative

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects dharmaḥ to draṣṭavyaḥ

एव (eva) - truly, indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

द्रष्टव्यः (draṣṭavyaḥ) - should be regarded (to be seen, to be considered, should be viewed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of draṣṭavya

draṣṭavya - to be seen, to be viewed, proper to be seen, visible

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agreement with nigrahaḥ

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Second person pronoun

Note: Possessive adjective for nigrahaḥ

निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - chastisement (restraint, subjugation, punishment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nigraha

nigraha - restraint, suppression, subjugation, punishment, control

From ni- + grah (to seize)

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Subject of the first clause

वयस्यस्य (vayasyasya) - of a friend (of a friend, of a companion)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vayasya

vayasya - friend, companion, contemporary

From vayas (age)

Note: Denotes the recipient of aid

उपकर्तव्यं (upakartavyaṁ) - aid must be rendered (help should be rendered, to be helped)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upakartavya

upakartavya - to be helped, to be benefited, aid should be rendered

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From upa- + kṛ (to do)

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the second clause (implicitly "that which is to be helped")

धर्मं (dharmaṁ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

एव (eva) - truly (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

अनुपश्यता (anupaśyatā) - by one who truly observes (by one who observes, by one who perceives)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anupaśyat

anupaśyat - observing, perceiving, regarding, following

Present Active Participle

From anu- + paśya (stem of dṛś)

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agent of the action upakartavyaṃ