वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-4

धर्ममर्थं च कामं च समयं चापि लौकिकम् ।
अविज्ञाय कथं बाल्यान्मामिहाद्य विगर्हसे ॥४॥

4. dharmamarthaṃ ca kāmaṃ ca samayaṃ cāpi laukikam ,
avijñāya kathaṃ bālyānmāmihādya vigarhase.

4. dharmam artham ca kāmam ca samayam ca api laukikam
avijñāya katham bālyāt mām iha adya vigarhase

4. dharmam artham ca kāmam ca laukikam samayam ca
api avijñāya bālyāt katham iha adya mām vigarhase

4. Without understanding righteous conduct (dharma), material prosperity (artha), pleasure (kāma), and even worldly convention, how do you, out of foolishness, criticize me here today?

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, righteous conduct, natural law

• अर्थम् (artham) - material prosperity, purpose, wealth

• च (ca) - and

• कामम् (kāmam) - pleasure, desire, sensual gratification

• च (ca) - and

• समयम् (samayam) - convention, agreement, proper time, rule

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• लौकिकम् (laukikam) - worldly, customary, pertaining to the world

• अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without knowing, having not understood

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• बाल्यात् (bālyāt) - from childishness, due to foolishness

• माम् (mām) - me

• इह (iha) - here, in this matter

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• विगर्हसे (vigarhase) - you criticize, you censure, you reproach

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, righteous conduct, natural law

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteous conduct, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, virtue, justice

Note: Object of understanding.

अर्थम् (artham) - material prosperity, purpose, wealth

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, object

Note: Object of understanding.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

कामम् (kāmam) - pleasure, desire, sensual gratification

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, pleasure, sensual love

Note: Object of understanding.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

समयम् (samayam) - convention, agreement, proper time, rule

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - convention, agreement, compact, appointed time, rule, custom

Note: Object of understanding.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

लौकिकम् (laukikam) - worldly, customary, pertaining to the world

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of laukika

laukika - worldly, mundane, popular, customary, common

Derived from 'loka' (world) with 'ṭhak' suffix.

Note: Modifies 'samayam'.

अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without knowing, having not understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root jñā (to know) with prefix vi and negative prefix a-, and suffix lyaP.

Prefixes: a+vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates an action performed before or without the main verb.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

बाल्यात् (bālyāt) - from childishness, due to foolishness

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bālya

bālya - childishness, infancy, folly, foolishness

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of 'vigarhase'.

इह (iha) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

विगर्हसे (vigarhase) - you criticize, you censure, you reproach

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of garh

Present Middle

1st conjugation, ātmanepada, with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Main verb, subject is implied (you, i.e., Vali).