वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-10

तस्मिन्नृपतिशार्दूल भरते धर्मवत्सले ।
पालयत्यखिलां भूमिं कश्चरेद्धर्मनिग्रहम् ॥१०॥

10. tasminnṛpatiśārdūla bharate dharmavatsale ,
pālayatyakhilāṃ bhūmiṃ kaścareddharmanigraham.

10. tasmin nṛpatiśārdūla bharate dharmavatsale
pālayati akhilām bhūmim kaḥ caret dharmanigraham

10. nṛpatiśārdūla,
tasmin dharmavatsale bharate akhilām bhūmim pālayati (sati),
kaḥ dharmanigraham caret?

10. O tiger among kings, while Bharata, so devoted to natural law (dharma), governs the entire earth, who indeed would dare to transgress natural law (dharma)?

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (Bharata) (in that, on that)

• नृपतिशार्दूल (nṛpatiśārdūla) - O tiger among kings (vocative) (tiger among kings, best of kings)

• भरते (bharate) - in Bharata (as the ruler) (in Bharata, on Bharata)

• धर्मवत्सले (dharmavatsale) - so devoted to natural law (dharma) (affectionate towards dharma, devoted to righteousness)

• पालयति (pālayati) - while governing (protecting, ruling, maintaining (present participle form in locative absolute))

• अखिलाम् (akhilām) - the entire (entire, whole, complete)

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - earth (earth, land, ground)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

• चरेत् (caret) - would dare to transgress (lit. 'would practice') (would do, should do, would practice)

• धर्मनिग्रहम् (dharmanigraham) - transgression natural law (dharma) (violation of dharma, transgression against righteousness)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (Bharata) (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

नृपतिशार्दूल (nṛpatiśārdūla) - O tiger among kings (vocative) (tiger among kings, best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpatiśārdūla

nṛpatiśārdūla - best of kings, a king like a tiger

Karmadhāraya compound (king who is a tiger - metaphorically, best).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nṛpati+śārdūla)

• nṛpati – king, lord of men
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of nṛ (man) + pati (lord).
• śārdūla – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the addressed person, likely an interlocutor or an epithet for Bharata.

भरते (bharate) - in Bharata (as the ruler) (in Bharata, on Bharata)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name), one who carries/maintains

From root √bhṛ (to bear, carry, maintain).

Root: √bhṛ (class 3)

धर्मवत्सले (dharmavatsale) - so devoted to natural law (dharma) (affectionate towards dharma, devoted to righteousness)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharmavatsala

dharmavatsala - affectionate towards dharma, devoted to virtue/righteousness

Tatpuruṣa compound (dharma + vatsala).

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa or karmadhāraya (dharma+vatsala)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
• vatsala – affectionate, tender, loving, fond of
  adjective
  From vatsa (calf, child) + -la (possessive suffix).

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

पालयति (pālayati) - while governing (protecting, ruling, maintaining (present participle form in locative absolute))

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pālaya

pālaya - to protect, to guard, to rule, to maintain

Present Active Participle

From root √pā (to protect) + causative suffix -aya. Formed with śatṛ affix, declined in locative singular.

Root: √pā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bharata.

अखिलाम् (akhilām) - the entire (entire, whole, complete)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of akhila

akhila - whole, entire, complete, undivided

From a- (not) + khila (gap, deficiency).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+khila)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• khila – gap, deficiency, waste land
  noun (masculine)

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - earth (earth, land, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, land, ground, soil

i-stem feminine noun.

कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

चरेत् (caret) - would dare to transgress (lit. 'would practice') (would do, should do, would practice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car

From root √car (to move, go).

Root: √car (class 1)

धर्मनिग्रहम् (dharmanigraham) - transgression natural law (dharma) (violation of dharma, transgression against righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmanigraha

dharmanigraha - violation of dharma, opposition to righteousness, suppression of duty

Tatpuruṣa compound (dharma's suppression/violation).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+nigraha)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
• nigraha – restraint, suppression, punishment, violation
  noun (masculine)
  From ni- + √grah (to seize, restrain).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: √grah (class 9)