वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-13

ज्येष्ठो भ्राता पिता चैव यश्च विद्यां प्रयच्छति ।
त्रयस्ते पितरो ज्ञेया धर्मे च पथि वर्तिनः ॥१३॥

13. jyeṣṭho bhrātā pitā caiva yaśca vidyāṃ prayacchati ,
trayaste pitaro jñeyā dharme ca pathi vartinaḥ.

13. jyeṣṭhaḥ bhrātā pitā ca eva yaḥ ca vidyām prayacchati
trayaḥ te pitaraḥ jñeyāḥ dharme ca pathi vartinaḥ

13. jyeṣṭhaḥ bhrātā pitā ca eva yaḥ ca vidyām prayacchati
te trayaḥ pitaraḥ jñeyāḥ dharme ca pathi vartinaḥ

13. The elder brother, the father, and he who imparts knowledge—these three are to be understood as fathers, particularly if they are steadfast on the path of righteousness (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, chief, best

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• पिता (pitā) - father

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - just, only, indeed

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

• प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives, offers, imparts

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• ते (te) - these, those

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers

• ज्ञेयाः (jñeyāḥ) - to be known, understandable

• धर्मे (dharme) - in intrinsic nature, in righteousness

• च (ca) - and, also

• पथि (pathi) - on the path, in the way

• वर्तिनः (vartinaḥ) - those who are moving, those who are existing, those who are steadfast

Words meanings and morphology

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, chief, best

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, best, senior

Superlative of vṛddha (old)

Note: Agrees with `bhrātā`.

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - just, only, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the third category.

विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, lore

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of `prayacchati`.

प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives, offers, imparts

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of prayaccha

From root yam (to restrain, give) with prefix pra (forth, forward)

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Refers to the three mentioned categories.

ते (te) - these, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the three (elder brother, father, teacher).

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Predicate noun for `trayaḥ te`.

ज्ञेयाः (jñeyāḥ) - to be known, understandable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, understandable

Gerundive (future passive participle)

From root jñā (to know) with suffix -eya

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `trayaḥ te pitaraḥ`.

धर्मे (dharme) - in intrinsic nature, in righteousness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `dharme` and `pathi`.

पथि (pathi) - on the path, in the way

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

वर्तिनः (vartinaḥ) - those who are moving, those who are existing, those who are steadfast

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vartin

vartin - existing, being, behaving, moving, staying

Agent noun/Adjective from verb

Derived from root vṛt (to be, exist, turn) with suffix -in

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `trayaḥ te pitaraḥ`.