वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-54

दण्ड्ये यः पातयेद्दण्डं दण्ड्यो यश्चापि दण्ड्यते ।
कार्यकारणसिद्धार्थाव् उभौ तौ नावसीदतः ॥५४॥

54. daṇḍye yaḥ pātayeddaṇḍaṃ daṇḍyo yaścāpi daṇḍyate ,
kāryakāraṇasiddhārthāv ubhau tau nāvasīdataḥ.

54. daṇḍye yaḥ pātayet daṇḍam daṇḍyaḥ yaḥ ca api daṇḍyate
kāryakāraṇasiddhārthau ubhau tau na avasīdataḥ

54. yaḥ daṇḍye daṇḍam pātayet ca yaḥ api daṇḍyaḥ daṇḍyate
tau ubhau kāryakāraṇasiddhārthau na avasīdataḥ

54. Whoever inflicts punishment upon the deserving, and whoever among the deserving is punished—both of them, whose goals are realized through the law of cause and effect (karma), do not suffer any adverse consequence.

Words meanings summery:

• दण्ड्ये (daṇḍye) - on one who deserves punishment, on the punishable one

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• पातयेत् (pātayet) - should inflict, should cause to fall

• दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, staff

• दण्ड्यः (daṇḍyaḥ) - punishable, deserving punishment

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• दण्ड्यते (daṇḍyate) - is punished

• कार्यकारणसिद्धार्थौ (kāryakāraṇasiddhārthau) - whose purpose is achieved through cause and effect

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• तौ (tau) - they (dual)

• न (na) - not

• अवसीदतः (avasīdataḥ) - they suffer adverse consequences, they decline (they sink, they fail, they despair)

Words meanings and morphology

दण्ड्ये (daṇḍye) - on one who deserves punishment, on the punishable one

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of daṇḍya

daṇḍya - punishable, deserving punishment, an object of punishment

Gerundive

Derived from root √daṇḍ (to punish) with suffix -ya.

Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

Note: Refers to the person upon whom punishment is inflicted.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of pātayet.

पातयेत् (pātayet) - should inflict, should cause to fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pat

Causative Optative

Causative stem from root √pat (to fall), + optative ending.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Implies duty or recommendation.

दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, staff

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - punishment, staff, rod, fine

Note: Object of pātayet.

दण्ड्यः (daṇḍyaḥ) - punishable, deserving punishment

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍya

daṇḍya - punishable, deserving punishment

Gerundive

Derived from root √daṇḍ (to punish) with suffix -ya.

Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

Note: Predicate for yaḥ.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of daṇḍyate.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

दण्ड्यते (daṇḍyate) - is punished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of daṇḍ

Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

कार्यकारणसिद्धार्थौ (kāryakāraṇasiddhārthau) - whose purpose is achieved through cause and effect

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kāryakāraṇasiddhārtha

kāryakāraṇasiddhārtha - whose purpose (artha) is accomplished (siddha) by (the principle of) cause (kāraṇa) and effect (kārya)

Bahuvrīhi compound: kārya-kāraṇa (cause and effect) + siddha (accomplished) + artha (purpose).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kārya+kāraṇa+siddha+artha)

• kārya – effect, action, to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root √kṛ (to do) with suffix -ya.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun
  Derived from root √kṛ (to do) with causative suffix and -ana.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• siddha – accomplished, achieved, perfect
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √sidh (to succeed, accomplish).
  Root: sidh (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying ubhau tau.

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Refers to the punisher and the punished.

तौ (tau) - they (dual)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the punisher and the punished.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

अवसीदतः (avasīdataḥ) - they suffer adverse consequences, they decline (they sink, they fail, they despair)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of avasīd

From root √sad (to sit, sink) with prefix ava- (down).

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Verb for the dual subjects.