वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-18, verse-15

सूक्ष्मः परमदुर्ज्ञेयः सतां धर्मः प्लवंगम ।
हृदिस्थः सर्वभूतानामात्मा वेद शुभाशुभम् ॥१५॥

15. sūkṣmaḥ paramadurjñeyaḥ satāṃ dharmaḥ plavaṃgama ,
hṛdisthaḥ sarvabhūtānāmātmā veda śubhāśubham.

15. sūkṣmaḥ paramadurjñeyaḥ satām dharmaḥ plavaṅgama
hṛdisthaḥ sarvabhūtānām ātmā veda śubhāśubham

15. plavaṅgama satām dharmaḥ sūkṣmaḥ paramadurjñeyaḥ
sarvabhūtānām hṛdisthaḥ ātmā śubhāśubham veda

15. O monkey, the intrinsic nature (dharma) of the virtuous is subtle and exceedingly difficult to comprehend. The self (ātman), residing within the heart of all beings, knows what is auspicious and inauspicious.

Words meanings summery:

• सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - subtle, difficult to grasp intellectually (subtle, minute, fine, delicate)

• परमदुर्ज्ञेयः (paramadurjñeyaḥ) - exceedingly difficult to comprehend fully (extremely difficult to know, exceedingly hard to understand, very obscure)

• सताम् (satām) - of morally upright individuals (of the virtuous, of the good, of the righteous)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the fundamental principle or intrinsic nature governing virtuous conduct (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue)

• प्लवङ्गम (plavaṅgama) - vocative address to a monkey (e.g., Hanumān or another character in the Rāmāyaṇa) (O monkey, O one who moves by leaping)

• हृदिस्थः (hṛdisthaḥ) - abiding deeply within the core of one's being (residing in the heart, situated in the heart)

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all living entities (of all beings, of all creatures)

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the inner self or spirit within individuals (the self, the soul, the individual essence)

• वेद (veda) - is fully aware of (knows, understands)

• शुभाशुभम् (śubhāśubham) - the nature of what is favorable and unfavorable (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

Words meanings and morphology

सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - subtle, difficult to grasp intellectually (subtle, minute, fine, delicate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, fine, delicate, ethereal

Note: Refers to 'dharma'

परमदुर्ज्ञेयः (paramadurjñeyaḥ) - exceedingly difficult to comprehend fully (extremely difficult to know, exceedingly hard to understand, very obscure)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramadurjñeya

paramadurjñeya - extremely difficult to know/understand, very obscure

Compound type : tatpurusha (parama+durjñeya)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• durjñeya – difficult to know, hard to understand
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from prefix 'dur-' (difficult) and root 'jñā' (to know) with the suffix '-ya'
  Prefix: dur
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to 'dharma'

सताम् (satām) - of morally upright individuals (of the virtuous, of the good, of the righteous)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real, true

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Genitive plural of 'sat' (virtuous persons)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the fundamental principle or intrinsic nature governing virtuous conduct (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue

Derived from √dhṛ (to support, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

प्लवङ्गम (plavaṅgama) - vocative address to a monkey (e.g., Hanumān or another character in the Rāmāyaṇa) (O monkey, O one who moves by leaping)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey, one who moves by leaping

Compound type : tatpurusha (plava+gama)

• plava – leaping, jumping, floating
  noun (masculine)
• gama – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Addressing a monkey, likely Hanumān or another prominent monkey character in the context of Rāmāyaṇa

हृदिस्थः (hṛdisthaḥ) - abiding deeply within the core of one's being (residing in the heart, situated in the heart)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛdistha

hṛdistha - abiding in the heart, dwelling in the mind

Compound type : upapada-tatpurusha (hṛd+stha)

• hṛd – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'ātman'

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all living entities (of all beings, of all creatures)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, what has been
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

आत्मा (ātmā) - the inner self or spirit within individuals (the self, the soul, the individual essence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, breath

वेद (veda) - is fully aware of (knows, understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

3rd conjugation verb (root class 2) 'vetti' series, also used in 'veda' form (perfect-like present)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Pronominal verb, used as an active present tense

शुभाशुभम् (śubhāśubham) - the nature of what is favorable and unfavorable (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śubhāśubha

śubhāśubha - good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious

Compound type : dvandva (śubha+aśubha)

• śubha – auspicious, good, beautiful, bright
  adjective (neuter)
• aśubha – inauspicious, bad, evil, ugly
  adjective (neuter)
  Negated form of 'śubha'

Note: Compound used as a single concept, acting as the object of 'veda'